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Dunia pencak silat¹ mengenal beragam tokoh dan legenda. ¹ martial arts world to know the characters and legends. Edwel Yusri (44) adalah seorang datuk, salah satu pemimpin komunitas Minang di Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat. Edwel Yusri (44) is an ancestor, one community leader Minang in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. Ia dikenal sebagai ”raja” di dunia pencak silat, terutama dengan aliran Silat Harimau² yang dirintis keluarganya. He is known as the "king" in the world of martial arts, especially with the stream of the Tiger Silat ² which pioneered family. Yusri bercerita dari kantornya tidak jauh dari Pasar Tanah Abang di Jakarta. Yusri told of his office not far from Tanah Abang Market in Jakarta.

Edwel Yusri, expert Silat Harimau Edwel Yusri, Tiger Silat expert

“Sebentar lagi saya akan berangkat ke Perancis dan memperlihatkan Silat Harimau di Paris Open Pencak Silat Festival. "Soon I will be leaving for France and shows Tiger Silat Pencak Silat Open at Paris Festival. Murid-murid saya baru saja kembali dari sebuah pertandingan di Belanda,” ujar Yusri. My students have just returned from a match in the Netherlands, "said Yusri. Ia memperagakan gerakan Silat Harimau bersama salah seorang muridnya. He demonstrated the Tiger Silat movements with one of his students.

Yusri berdiri di hadapan muridnya. Yusri standing in front of his students. Suasana berubah hening sesaat. The atmosphere changed a moment of silence. Keduanya berdiri kaku dan dalam sekejap terlihat seakan siap saling menyerang. They both stood stiff and in a moment looked as if ready to attack each other. “Kami menghormati satu sama lain dan tidak harus mengukur ketrampilan yang kami kuasai. "We respect each other and not have to measure our skills mastered. Dasar pencak silat adalah saling menghargai,” tambah Yusri sambil tersenyum. Basic martial arts is a mutual respect, "added Yusri with a smile.

Banyak yang menganggap Yusri sebagai master Silat Harimau. Many consider Yusri as Tiger Silat masters. Eropa pun menggemari aliran pencak silat ini. European martial arts too fond of this flow. Ia belajar olahraga bela diri ini sejak usia 8 tahun dari kakeknya, Dina Sutan Mangkuto. He studied martial arts since the age of 8 years of his grandfather, Dina Sutan Mangkuto. Dina adalah seorang bangsawan dari Balingka dan memiliki 8 harimau. Dina is a nobleman of Balingka and had eight tigers. “Kakek saya meniru gerakan-gerakan macan peliharaannya seperti menyerang, beraksi dan menghindar. "My grandfather mimic movements such as pet tiger attack, acted and avoidance. Ia memperkenalkan bentuk baru pencak silat,” terang Yusri. He introduced a new form of martial arts, "said Yusri.

Waktu itu, Silat Harimau hanya diajarkan di lingkungan keluarga secara diam-diam di Sumatera Barat. At that time, Tiger Silat taught only in the family is secretly in West Sumatra. Pencak silat terdiri dari bermacam-macam aliran, salah satunya Merpati Putih asal Jawa. Pencak silat consists of a variety of streams, one from Java White Pigeon. Sumatera Barat, Jakarta dan Jawa Barat menjadi pusat pencak silat, meskipun dokumentasi atau sumber historis tidak banyak ditemukan. West Sumatra, Jakarta and West Java became the center of martial arts, although no documentation or historical resources are found. Untungnya, kekurangan ini terkompensasi dengan cerita-cerita heroik dari Padang, Cianjur dan terutama di sekitar Batavia. Fortunately, this deficiency compensated by the heroic stories of Padang, Cianjur and especially around Batavia.

Di Batavia, dulu jago berkelahi asal Betawi dan Sunda saling berlaga melawan pendekar kungfu asal Cina dan petinju dari Belanda. In Batavia, had a good fighter from Betawi and Sundanese competed against each other Chinese kung fu warriors and fighters from the Netherlands. Kini, penggemar ilmu bela diri dari seluruh penjuru dunia datang ke Jakarta untuk belajar pencak silat. Now, fans of martial arts from around the world come to Jakarta to study martial arts. Aliran Sabeni berkembang di Batavia dan populer di kalangan jagoan Betawi yang dikenal berdarah dingin saat itu. Sabeni flow develops in Batavia and Batavia popular hero known as the cold-blooded.

Kini, Muhammad Ali Sabeni (76) adalah godfather pencak silat Betawi. Now, Muhammad Ali Sabeni (76) is a martial arts godfather Betawi. Ia kerap dipanggil Babe Ali dan sempat menjadi jagoan jalanan seperti saudara-saudaranya yang lain. He often called Ali and Babe became a street hero like the other brothers. Akhir abad ke-20, ayahnya yang bernama sama pernah menjadi bulan-bulanan Korps Polisi Belanda di Batavia. End of the 20th century, his father called together once a month thereafter the Dutch in Batavia Police Corps. Polisi tidak sanggup melawan Ali Sabeni waktu itu. The police are not able to resist Ali Sabeni time.

Menurut salah satu anekdot, Korps Polisi Belanda mengadu Ali Sabeni dengan jago kungfu asal China di Princen Park di West-Batavia. According to one anecdote, the Dutch police corps pitted Ali Sabeni with kung fu master from China in Princen Park in West-Batavia. Ia dengan mudah menandingi jago kungfu tersebut. He easily match the kung fu master. Babe Ali masih berlatih pencak silat secara teratur setiap hari bersama murid-muridnya. Babe Ali was practicing martial arts on a regular basis every day with his students. Tidak mudah menurunkan ilmunya ke generasi muda, apalagi pencak silat kalah pamor dengan musik pop dan acara televisi. Not easy to reduce their knowledge to the younger generation, especially martial arts overshadowed by pop music and television shows.

Peraga Silat Tuo, salah satu cabang pencak silat di Sumatera Barat Figure Silat Tuo, one branch of martial arts in West Sumatra

Sampai sekarang, asal-usul pencak silat masih sering diperdebatkan. Until now, the origin of martial arts is still much debated. Sebagian menyebut Riau sebagai tempat kelahiran pencak silat, meskipun Jawa juga mengenal tradisi ini. Much mention Riau as the birthplace of martial arts, even though Java is also familiar with this tradition. Di abad ke-7, Riau dan Sumatera Selatan menjadi sentra perdagangan Kerajaan Sriwijaya. In the 7th century, Riau and South Sumatra to the trade center for the kingdom of Srivijaya. Raja-raja berusaha mempertahankan daerah kekuasaan mereka di Sumatera Selatan, Selat Malaka dan pantai barat laut Pulau Jawa. Kings tried to defend their territory in South Sumatera, Malacca Strait and northwest coast of Java Island.

Pencak silat yang berkembang di Kerajaan Sriwijaya kemungkinan besar dipengaruhi oleh seni bela diri dari India dan China. Martial arts that developed in the kingdom of Srivijaya likely influenced by the martial arts of India and China. Pengetahuan mengenai seni bela diri menjadi syarat utama untuk menduduki kursi pimpinan di kerajaan. Knowledge of the martial arts became the main requirement for leadership in the royal seat. Kecenderungan ini juga dijumpai di Kerajaan Syailendra, Majapahit dan Mataram. This trend is also found in the Kingdom dynasty, Majapahit and Mataram. Pencak silat adalah pengetahuan krusial dalam karier politik waktu itu. Pencak silat is crucial in the knowledge that time political career.

Kerajaan-kerajaan tersebut memiliki satuan tentara untuk melindungi wilayah kekuasaan mereka. Kingdoms have an army unit to protect their territory. Rakyat biasa pun seringkali diwajibkan untuk mengikuti latihan pencak silat. Ordinary people were often obliged to follow the practice of martial arts. Akibatnya, anggota satuan tentara itu tidak hanya terdiri dari keturunan bangsawan. As a result, members of the army unit composed not only of the royal line. Tentara Bhayangkari di bawah pimpinan Gajah Mada adalah salah satunya dan berhasil merebut Kerajaan Majapahit di Jawa. Bhayangkari army under the command of Gajah Mada is one of them and captured the kingdom of Majapahit in Java.

Selain itu, tokoh-tokoh terkenal seperti Senopati dan Ki Jaka Tingkir memulai karier mereka sebagai komandan di pasukan elite kerajaan. In addition, the well-known figures such as Ki Jaka Tingkir Senopati and start their careers as a commander in the elite forces of the kingdom. Kekuasaan dan popularitas kerajaan di Sumatera, Sunda dan Jawa mulai merosot setelah kedatangan dan invasi Belanda. Power and popularity of the kingdom in Sumatra, Java, Sunda and began to decline after the arrival and the Dutch invasion. Satuan tentara elite harus kehilangan pekerjaan dan sebagian besar kembali ke kampung halaman mereka. Unit of elite soldiers have lost their jobs and most return to their homes. Mantan satuan tentara sangat disegani dan mereka mengajarkan pencak silat yang dianggap magis ke penduduk. Ex-soldier units respected and they teach martial arts to people who are considered magical.

Hingga kini masih terlontar pertanyaan mengenai pencak silat: olahraga rakyat atau seni bela diri elite? Ejected is still a question about martial arts: folk sports or martial arts elite? Sejarah menyebutkan, seni bela diri China banyak mempengaruhi pencak silat. History says, many Chinese martial arts martial arts influence. Namun, Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia (IPSI) menegaskan, olahraga ini asli berasal dari Indonesia dan salah satu tradisi rakyat Indonesia. However, Indonesian Pencak Silat Association (IPSI) asserts, this sport indigenous to Indonesia and one of the traditions of the people of Indonesia. IPSI mempunyai ribuan anggota, diantaranya Letjen Prabowo Subianto. IPSI has thousands of members, including Lt. Gen. Prabowo Subianto. Ia terpilih menjadi Ketua IPSI sampai tahun 2011 nanti. She was elected Chairman IPSI until the year 2011.

Menantu mantan Presiden Soeharto ini melesat kariernya di TNI dan ia sempat menjadi kepala divisi prestisius Kostrad dan komandan satuan Kopassus. Daughter of former President Soeharto was shot in the military career and he had become head of the prestigious Kostrad and Kopassus unit commander. Para anggota IPSI menyanggah pengaruh China dalam pencak silat, kendati banyak legenda justru menepis sanggahan mereka. The members of the IPSI refute China's influence in the martial arts, despite the many legends it dismissed their objections. Salah satunya cerita tentang Mama Kosim, penemu bela diri Syahbandar. One was the story of Mama Kosim, inventor of martial Syahbandar. Ia berduel dengan salah satu pesilat Kuntao dari China di Batavia dan Mama Kosim berhasil mengalahkannya. He dueled with one fighter Kuntao of China in Batavia and Mama Kosim beat him.

Salah satu gerakan Silat Tuo One of Silat Tuo movement

Pesilat Kuntao itu terbujur bersimbah darah. Kuntao fighters were lying covered in blood. Seorang polisi Belanda bergegas menghampirinya. A Dutch police rushed toward her. “Ada apa ini?” sergahnya. "What is this?" He said. Pria tersebut hanya dapat menjawab pok-pok yang berarti ditinju dalam bahasa setempat. Men can only be answered pok-pok, which means being punched in the local language. “Saya hanya main-main saja,” Mama Kosim menambahkan. "I was just playing around it," Mama Kosim added. “Oh, kalian sedang main pok!” polisi itu melanjutkan. "Oh, you're playing pok!" Continued the policeman. Kerumunan orang yang kebetulan mendengarkan percakapan tersebut mengira mereka sedang menonton olahraga baru maenpo. Crowds of people who happen to listen to the conversation thought they were watching a new sport maenpo. Maenpo populer di kemudian hari dengan gerakan agresif meninju dan menendang. Maenpo popular in the future with aggressive punching and kicking movements.

Pencak silat juga erat dengan Islam. Pencak silat is also close to Islam. Pelatih pencak silat biasanya kaum muslim terdidik dan saleh. Martial arts coach is usually well-educated and devout Muslims. Abah Kahir adalah pemimpin legendaris gaya Cimande³ dari Jawa Barat. Abah is the end of a legendary leader Cimande ³ style of West Java. Konon, ia masih keturunan Suku Badui di Banten. That said, he still descendants of Bedouins in Banten. Suku Badui dipercaya mempunyai silsilah erat dengan tentara Ratu Pucuk Umum, pemimpin terakhir Kerajaan Pajajaran. Bedouin tribes believed to have a pedigree closely with Queen's army shoots General, the last leader Pajajaran Kingdom. Pucuk Umum menyerahkan diri ke pasukan Islam pimpinan Maulana Yusuf di tahun 1579. Commercial shoots surrendered to the forces of Islam leader Maulana Yusuf in 1579. Laskar tentara Pucuk Umum dibebaskan asalkan mereka hidup secara damai. The top army general army freed as long as they live peacefully.

Abah Kahir amat populer di Banten. Abah end of a very popular in Punjab. Pesilat lain sering bertandang ke kediamannya di Cikeusik dan menantangnya. Other fighters often come to his residence in Cikeusik and challenged. Semua duel tersebut dengan mudah dimenangkan Abah Kahir. All easily won the duel end of a Abah. Sayang, pertumpahan darah tidak sejalan dengan tradisi Badui. Unfortunately, the bloodshed is not in line with the traditions of the Bedouin. Abah Kahir diasingkan ke Cimande, sebelah barat Bogor. Abah was exiled to the end of a Cimande, west of Bogor. Suku Badui pun merahasiakan gerakan pencak silat mereka hingga saat ini. Bedouins also keep their martial arts movements to date.

Abah Kahir ingin menurunkan ilmunya dengan tujuan kemanusiaan ke generasi penerus di sekitar Banten dan memulai padepokan pada tahun 1760. Abah end of a science with the aim to reduce humanity to the next generation in Banten and start hermitage in 1760. Al Qur'an menjadi sumber inspirasi bagi Kahir. Al Quran a source of inspiration for the end of a. Aksara Arab Alif dan Lam ia gunakan sebagai dasar gerakan pencak silatnya dan melambangkan Hamba Allah. Alif and Lam Arabic script he used as the basis of martial movement and symbolizes silatnya Servant of God.

Animo terhadap pencak silat terus menurun di Indonesia. Interest to the martial arts continue to decline in Indonesia. Generasi muda lebih tertarik dengan bela diri impor seperti taekwondo dari Korea atau capoeira asal Brasilia. The younger generation is more interested in martial arts such as taekwondo imported from Korea or capoeira from Brazil. “Dulu, ada Silat Kucing dari Sumatera Barat. "First, there are cats Silat from West Sumatra. Sekarang, pengikutnya seperti terkubur zaman,” terang Hariadi Anwar, wakil dari Indonesia di Federasi Pencak Silat Internasional. Now, as his followers buried the time, "said Hariadi Anwar, representatives of Indonesia in the International Pencak Silat Federation. “Terutama orang asing jauh lebih berminat,” tandasnya. "Especially the foreigners are much more interested," he said.

Catatan: Note:

Yusri sedang beraksi Yusri in action

¹Pencak silat adalah nama umum ragam seni bela diri di Indonesia. Pencak silat ¹ is the common name of various martial arts in Indonesia. Definisi yang sering digunakan adalah seni ragawi, karena tubuh adalah medium terpenting. Frequently used definition is the art of the body, because the body is the most important medium. Pencak dapat diartikan gerakan luwes tapi terkendali, sedangkan silat adalah gerakan secepat kilat untuk mengimbangi serangan lawan atau pertahanan diri. Martial can be interpreted flexibly but controlled movement, while the martial arts is a lightning movement to offset the opponent's attack or defense. Pesilat ulung tidak akan pernah menyerang langsung, namun menunggu sambil mengumpulkan strategi untuk menyerang balik lawannya. Accomplished fighter will never attack directly, but waited while collecting a strategy to counter his opponent. Beberapa teknik pencak silat dilarang digunakan karena dapat berakibat fatal terhadap lawan. Some of the techniques of martial arts are dangerous because it can be fatal to the opponent. Pencak silat adalah produk interaksi manusia dengan alam. Pencak silat is a product of human interaction with nature. Aktivitas dan mimik satwa – seperti macan yang sedang bertarung, kera yang bergelayut di pepohonan atau burung elang yang siap memangsa – kerap dijadikan gerakan dasar pencak silat. Activity and expression of animals - like tigers who are fighting, monkey who hung on trees or an eagle ready to prey - often used as a basic martial arts movements. Wacana lain menyebutkan, pencak silat erat dengan dunia spiritual dan supranatural. Another mentioned discourse, martial arts closely with the spiritual world and the supernatural. Sebelum berlaga, kontak dengan alam bawah sadar atau roh halus dapat dilakukan melalui doa-doa tertentu. Before competing, contact with the subconscious or spirit can be done through certain prayers.

²Hanya segelintir orang mendalami Silat Harimau. ² Only a handful of people go into Tiger Silat. Mereka dituntut dapat menjaga rahasia. They are required to keep confidential. Calon murid harus menyerahkan pisau gurapu, empat meter kain putih, tiga kilogram beras dan rokok linting. Prospective students must submit gurapu knife, four yards of white fabric, three kilograms of rice and hand-rolled cigarette. Silat Harimau diasosiasikan layaknya mengasah pisau gurapu. Tiger Silat associated gurapu like sharpening knives. Latihan berlangsung di malam hari dan dimulai dengan tiga gerakan: sikap awal, hormat bumi dan hormat langit. The exercise took place in the evening and began with three movements: the initial attitude, respect and honor the earth the sky. Pesilat Harimau memakai penutup kepala kain tradisional Minangkabau yang disebut deta harimau. Tiger fighters wear headgear Minangkabau traditional cloth called a deta tiger.

³Silat Cimande sering disalahartikan sebagai seni bela diri agresif. ³ Silat Cimande often misinterpreted as aggressive martial art. Padahal, aliran ini juga dipercaya dapat menyembuhkan patah tulang dan beberapa metode pijat dibuat berdasarkan aliran silat ini. In fact, the flow is also believed to heal broken bones and several methods of massage is based on the flow of these arts. Mulai tahun 70-an, tabib Cimande dianggap sebagai salah satu sarana pengobatan tradisional murah dan mujarab. Beginning in the 70s, physicians Cimande regarded as one means of cheap and effective traditional medicine. Saat itu, banyak sepeda motor diimpor dari Jepang dengan akibat meningkatnya kecelakaan lalu lintas. At that time, a lot of motorcycles imported from Japan with the consequent increase in traffic accidents. Masyarakat awam banyak yang menggunakan jasa tabib Cimande. Many ordinary people who use the services of physicians Cimande. Diperlukan beberapa fase untuk menjadi anggota Cimande. Take several phases to become a member Cimande. Calon murid harus mengambil sumpah taleq dan mengikuti inisiasi ritual. Prospective students must take the oath and following the initiation ritual taleq. Sumpah taleq melarang guru dan muridnya saling berbohong, mencuri atau mengkonsumsi alkohol dan narkoba. Taleq oath forbids teachers and students together to lie, steal or consume alcohol and drugs.

>>Sumber: Majalah Moesson “Pencak Silat in Indonesië – De Mens & De Tijger” (April 2008)<< >> Source: Magazine Moesson "Pencak Silat in Indonesie - De Mens & De Tijger" (April 2008) <<

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Dunia pencak silat¹ mengenal beragam tokoh dan legenda. ¹ martial arts world to know the characters and legends. Edwel Yusri (44) adalah seorang datuk, salah satu pemimpin komunitas Minang di Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat. Edwel Yusri (44) is an ancestor, one community leader Minang in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. Ia dikenal sebagai ”raja” di dunia pencak silat, terutama dengan aliran Silat Harimau² yang dirintis keluarganya. He is known as the "king" in the world of martial arts, especially with the stream of the Tiger Silat ² which pioneered family. Yusri bercerita dari kantornya tidak jauh dari Pasar Tanah Abang di Jakarta. Yusri told of his office not far from Tanah Abang Market in Jakarta.

Edwel Yusri, expert Silat Harimau Edwel Yusri, Tiger Silat expert

“Sebentar lagi saya akan berangkat ke Perancis dan memperlihatkan Silat Harimau di Paris Open Pencak Silat Festival. "Soon I will be leaving for France and shows Tiger Silat Pencak Silat Open at Paris Festival. Murid-murid saya baru saja kembali dari sebuah pertandingan di Belanda,” ujar Yusri. My students have just returned from a match in the Netherlands, "said Yusri. Ia memperagakan gerakan Silat Harimau bersama salah seorang muridnya. He demonstrated the Tiger Silat movements with one of his students.

Yusri berdiri di hadapan muridnya. Yusri standing in front of his students. Suasana berubah hening sesaat. The atmosphere changed a moment of silence. Keduanya berdiri kaku dan dalam sekejap terlihat seakan siap saling menyerang. They both stood stiff and in a moment looked as if ready to attack each other. “Kami menghormati satu sama lain dan tidak harus mengukur ketrampilan yang kami kuasai. "We respect each other and not have to measure our skills mastered. Dasar pencak silat adalah saling menghargai,” tambah Yusri sambil tersenyum. Basic martial arts is a mutual respect, "added Yusri with a smile.

Banyak yang menganggap Yusri sebagai master Silat Harimau. Many consider Yusri as Tiger Silat masters. Eropa pun menggemari aliran pencak silat ini. European martial arts too fond of this flow. Ia belajar olahraga bela diri ini sejak usia 8 tahun dari kakeknya, Dina Sutan Mangkuto. He studied martial arts since the age of 8 years of his grandfather, Dina Sutan Mangkuto. Dina adalah seorang bangsawan dari Balingka dan memiliki 8 harimau. Dina is a nobleman of Balingka and had eight tigers. “Kakek saya meniru gerakan-gerakan macan peliharaannya seperti menyerang, beraksi dan menghindar. "My grandfather mimic movements such as pet tiger attack, acted and avoidance. Ia memperkenalkan bentuk baru pencak silat,” terang Yusri. He introduced a new form of martial arts, "said Yusri.

Waktu itu, Silat Harimau hanya diajarkan di lingkungan keluarga secara diam-diam di Sumatera Barat. At that time, Tiger Silat taught only in the family is secretly in West Sumatra. Pencak silat terdiri dari bermacam-macam aliran, salah satunya Merpati Putih asal Jawa. Pencak silat consists of a variety of streams, one from Java White Pigeon. Sumatera Barat, Jakarta dan Jawa Barat menjadi pusat pencak silat, meskipun dokumentasi atau sumber historis tidak banyak ditemukan. West Sumatra, Jakarta and West Java became the center of martial arts, although no documentation or historical resources are found. Untungnya, kekurangan ini terkompensasi dengan cerita-cerita heroik dari Padang, Cianjur dan terutama di sekitar Batavia. Fortunately, this deficiency compensated by the heroic stories of Padang, Cianjur and especially around Batavia.

Di Batavia, dulu jago berkelahi asal Betawi dan Sunda saling berlaga melawan pendekar kungfu asal Cina dan petinju dari Belanda. In Batavia, had a good fighter from Betawi and Sundanese competed against each other Chinese kung fu warriors and fighters from the Netherlands. Kini, penggemar ilmu bela diri dari seluruh penjuru dunia datang ke Jakarta untuk belajar pencak silat. Now, fans of martial arts from around the world come to Jakarta to study martial arts. Aliran Sabeni berkembang di Batavia dan populer di kalangan jagoan Betawi yang dikenal berdarah dingin saat itu. Sabeni flow develops in Batavia and Batavia popular hero known as the cold-blooded.

Kini, Muhammad Ali Sabeni (76) adalah godfather pencak silat Betawi. Now, Muhammad Ali Sabeni (76) is a martial arts godfather Betawi. Ia kerap dipanggil Babe Ali dan sempat menjadi jagoan jalanan seperti saudara-saudaranya yang lain. He often called Ali and Babe became a street hero like the other brothers. Akhir abad ke-20, ayahnya yang bernama sama pernah menjadi bulan-bulanan Korps Polisi Belanda di Batavia. End of the 20th century, his father called together once a month thereafter the Dutch in Batavia Police Corps. Polisi tidak sanggup melawan Ali Sabeni waktu itu. The police are not able to resist Ali Sabeni time.

Menurut salah satu anekdot, Korps Polisi Belanda mengadu Ali Sabeni dengan jago kungfu asal China di Princen Park di West-Batavia. According to one anecdote, the Dutch police corps pitted Ali Sabeni with kung fu master from China in Princen Park in West-Batavia. Ia dengan mudah menandingi jago kungfu tersebut. He easily match the kung fu master. Babe Ali masih berlatih pencak silat secara teratur setiap hari bersama murid-muridnya. Babe Ali was practicing martial arts on a regular basis every day with his students. Tidak mudah menurunkan ilmunya ke generasi muda, apalagi pencak silat kalah pamor dengan musik pop dan acara televisi. Not easy to reduce their knowledge to the younger generation, especially martial arts overshadowed by pop music and television shows.

Peraga Silat Tuo, salah satu cabang pencak silat di Sumatera Barat Figure Silat Tuo, one branch of martial arts in West Sumatra

Sampai sekarang, asal-usul pencak silat masih sering diperdebatkan. Until now, the origin of martial arts is still much debated. Sebagian menyebut Riau sebagai tempat kelahiran pencak silat, meskipun Jawa juga mengenal tradisi ini. Much mention Riau as the birthplace of martial arts, even though Java is also familiar with this tradition. Di abad ke-7, Riau dan Sumatera Selatan menjadi sentra perdagangan Kerajaan Sriwijaya. In the 7th century, Riau and South Sumatra to the trade center for the kingdom of Srivijaya. Raja-raja berusaha mempertahankan daerah kekuasaan mereka di Sumatera Selatan, Selat Malaka dan pantai barat laut Pulau Jawa. Kings tried to defend their territory in South Sumatera, Malacca Strait and northwest coast of Java Island.

Pencak silat yang berkembang di Kerajaan Sriwijaya kemungkinan besar dipengaruhi oleh seni bela diri dari India dan China. Martial arts that developed in the kingdom of Srivijaya likely influenced by the martial arts of India and China. Pengetahuan mengenai seni bela diri menjadi syarat utama untuk menduduki kursi pimpinan di kerajaan. Knowledge of the martial arts became the main requirement for leadership in the royal seat. Kecenderungan ini juga dijumpai di Kerajaan Syailendra, Majapahit dan Mataram. This trend is also found in the Kingdom dynasty, Majapahit and Mataram. Pencak silat adalah pengetahuan krusial dalam karier politik waktu itu. Pencak silat is crucial in the knowledge that time political career.

Kerajaan-kerajaan tersebut memiliki satuan tentara untuk melindungi wilayah kekuasaan mereka. Kingdoms have an army unit to protect their territory. Rakyat biasa pun seringkali diwajibkan untuk mengikuti latihan pencak silat. Ordinary people were often obliged to follow the practice of martial arts. Akibatnya, anggota satuan tentara itu tidak hanya terdiri dari keturunan bangsawan. As a result, members of the army unit composed not only of the royal line. Tentara Bhayangkari di bawah pimpinan Gajah Mada adalah salah satunya dan berhasil merebut Kerajaan Majapahit di Jawa. Bhayangkari army under the command of Gajah Mada is one of them and captured the kingdom of Majapahit in Java.

Selain itu, tokoh-tokoh terkenal seperti Senopati dan Ki Jaka Tingkir memulai karier mereka sebagai komandan di pasukan elite kerajaan. In addition, the well-known figures such as Ki Jaka Tingkir Senopati and start their careers as a commander in the elite forces of the kingdom. Kekuasaan dan popularitas kerajaan di Sumatera, Sunda dan Jawa mulai merosot setelah kedatangan dan invasi Belanda. Power and popularity of the kingdom in Sumatra, Java, Sunda and began to decline after the arrival and the Dutch invasion. Satuan tentara elite harus kehilangan pekerjaan dan sebagian besar kembali ke kampung halaman mereka. Unit of elite soldiers have lost their jobs and most return to their homes. Mantan satuan tentara sangat disegani dan mereka mengajarkan pencak silat yang dianggap magis ke penduduk. Ex-soldier units respected and they teach martial arts to people who are considered magical.

Hingga kini masih terlontar pertanyaan mengenai pencak silat: olahraga rakyat atau seni bela diri elite? Ejected is still a question about martial arts: folk sports or martial arts elite? Sejarah menyebutkan, seni bela diri China banyak mempengaruhi pencak silat. History says, many Chinese martial arts martial arts influence. Namun, Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia (IPSI) menegaskan, olahraga ini asli berasal dari Indonesia dan salah satu tradisi rakyat Indonesia. However, Indonesian Pencak Silat Association (IPSI) asserts, this sport indigenous to Indonesia and one of the traditions of the people of Indonesia. IPSI mempunyai ribuan anggota, diantaranya Letjen Prabowo Subianto. IPSI has thousands of members, including Lt. Gen. Prabowo Subianto. Ia terpilih menjadi Ketua IPSI sampai tahun 2011 nanti. She was elected Chairman IPSI until the year 2011.

Menantu mantan Presiden Soeharto ini melesat kariernya di TNI dan ia sempat menjadi kepala divisi prestisius Kostrad dan komandan satuan Kopassus. Daughter of former President Soeharto was shot in the military career and he had become head of the prestigious Kostrad and Kopassus unit commander. Para anggota IPSI menyanggah pengaruh China dalam pencak silat, kendati banyak legenda justru menepis sanggahan mereka. The members of the IPSI refute China's influence in the martial arts, despite the many legends it dismissed their objections. Salah satunya cerita tentang Mama Kosim, penemu bela diri Syahbandar. One was the story of Mama Kosim, inventor of martial Syahbandar. Ia berduel dengan salah satu pesilat Kuntao dari China di Batavia dan Mama Kosim berhasil mengalahkannya. He dueled with one fighter Kuntao of China in Batavia and Mama Kosim beat him.

Salah satu gerakan Silat Tuo One of Silat Tuo movement

Pesilat Kuntao itu terbujur bersimbah darah. Kuntao fighters were lying covered in blood. Seorang polisi Belanda bergegas menghampirinya. A Dutch police rushed toward her. “Ada apa ini?” sergahnya. "What is this?" He said. Pria tersebut hanya dapat menjawab pok-pok yang berarti ditinju dalam bahasa setempat. Men can only be answered pok-pok, which means being punched in the local language. “Saya hanya main-main saja,” Mama Kosim menambahkan. "I was just playing around it," Mama Kosim added. “Oh, kalian sedang main pok!” polisi itu melanjutkan. "Oh, you're playing pok!" Continued the policeman. Kerumunan orang yang kebetulan mendengarkan percakapan tersebut mengira mereka sedang menonton olahraga baru maenpo. Crowds of people who happen to listen to the conversation thought they were watching a new sport maenpo. Maenpo populer di kemudian hari dengan gerakan agresif meninju dan menendang. Maenpo popular in the future with aggressive punching and kicking movements.

Pencak silat juga erat dengan Islam. Pencak silat is also close to Islam. Pelatih pencak silat biasanya kaum muslim terdidik dan saleh. Martial arts coach is usually well-educated and devout Muslims. Abah Kahir adalah pemimpin legendaris gaya Cimande³ dari Jawa Barat. Abah is the end of a legendary leader Cimande ³ style of West Java. Konon, ia masih keturunan Suku Badui di Banten. That said, he still descendants of Bedouins in Banten. Suku Badui dipercaya mempunyai silsilah erat dengan tentara Ratu Pucuk Umum, pemimpin terakhir Kerajaan Pajajaran. Bedouin tribes believed to have a pedigree closely with Queen's army shoots General, the last leader Pajajaran Kingdom. Pucuk Umum menyerahkan diri ke pasukan Islam pimpinan Maulana Yusuf di tahun 1579. Commercial shoots surrendered to the forces of Islam leader Maulana Yusuf in 1579. Laskar tentara Pucuk Umum dibebaskan asalkan mereka hidup secara damai. The top army general army freed as long as they live peacefully.

Abah Kahir amat populer di Banten. Abah end of a very popular in Punjab. Pesilat lain sering bertandang ke kediamannya di Cikeusik dan menantangnya. Other fighters often come to his residence in Cikeusik and challenged. Semua duel tersebut dengan mudah dimenangkan Abah Kahir. All easily won the duel end of a Abah. Sayang, pertumpahan darah tidak sejalan dengan tradisi Badui. Unfortunately, the bloodshed is not in line with the traditions of the Bedouin. Abah Kahir diasingkan ke Cimande, sebelah barat Bogor. Abah was exiled to the end of a Cimande, west of Bogor. Suku Badui pun merahasiakan gerakan pencak silat mereka hingga saat ini. Bedouins also keep their martial arts movements to date.

Abah Kahir ingin menurunkan ilmunya dengan tujuan kemanusiaan ke generasi penerus di sekitar Banten dan memulai padepokan pada tahun 1760. Abah end of a science with the aim to reduce humanity to the next generation in Banten and start hermitage in 1760. Al Qur'an menjadi sumber inspirasi bagi Kahir. Al Quran a source of inspiration for the end of a. Aksara Arab Alif dan Lam ia gunakan sebagai dasar gerakan pencak silatnya dan melambangkan Hamba Allah. Alif and Lam Arabic script he used as the basis of martial movement and symbolizes silatnya Servant of God.

Animo terhadap pencak silat terus menurun di Indonesia. Interest to the martial arts continue to decline in Indonesia. Generasi muda lebih tertarik dengan bela diri impor seperti taekwondo dari Korea atau capoeira asal Brasilia. The younger generation is more interested in martial arts such as taekwondo imported from Korea or capoeira from Brazil. “Dulu, ada Silat Kucing dari Sumatera Barat. "First, there are cats Silat from West Sumatra. Sekarang, pengikutnya seperti terkubur zaman,” terang Hariadi Anwar, wakil dari Indonesia di Federasi Pencak Silat Internasional. Now, as his followers buried the time, "said Hariadi Anwar, representatives of Indonesia in the International Pencak Silat Federation. “Terutama orang asing jauh lebih berminat,” tandasnya. "Especially the foreigners are much more interested," he said.

Catatan: Note:

Yusri sedang beraksi Yusri in action

¹Pencak silat adalah nama umum ragam seni bela diri di Indonesia. Pencak silat ¹ is the common name of various martial arts in Indonesia. Definisi yang sering digunakan adalah seni ragawi, karena tubuh adalah medium terpenting. Frequently used definition is the art of the body, because the body is the most important medium. Pencak dapat diartikan gerakan luwes tapi terkendali, sedangkan silat adalah gerakan secepat kilat untuk mengimbangi serangan lawan atau pertahanan diri. Martial can be interpreted flexibly but controlled movement, while the martial arts is a lightning movement to offset the opponent's attack or defense. Pesilat ulung tidak akan pernah menyerang langsung, namun menunggu sambil mengumpulkan strategi untuk menyerang balik lawannya. Accomplished fighter will never attack directly, but waited while collecting a strategy to counter his opponent. Beberapa teknik pencak silat dilarang digunakan karena dapat berakibat fatal terhadap lawan. Some of the techniques of martial arts are dangerous because it can be fatal to the opponent. Pencak silat adalah produk interaksi manusia dengan alam. Pencak silat is a product of human interaction with nature. Aktivitas dan mimik satwa – seperti macan yang sedang bertarung, kera yang bergelayut di pepohonan atau burung elang yang siap memangsa – kerap dijadikan gerakan dasar pencak silat. Activity and expression of animals - like tigers who are fighting, monkey who hung on trees or an eagle ready to prey - often used as a basic martial arts movements. Wacana lain menyebutkan, pencak silat erat dengan dunia spiritual dan supranatural. Another mentioned discourse, martial arts closely with the spiritual world and the supernatural. Sebelum berlaga, kontak dengan alam bawah sadar atau roh halus dapat dilakukan melalui doa-doa tertentu. Before competing, contact with the subconscious or spirit can be done through certain prayers.

²Hanya segelintir orang mendalami Silat Harimau. ² Only a handful of people go into Tiger Silat. Mereka dituntut dapat menjaga rahasia. They are required to keep confidential. Calon murid harus menyerahkan pisau gurapu, empat meter kain putih, tiga kilogram beras dan rokok linting. Prospective students must submit gurapu knife, four yards of white fabric, three kilograms of rice and hand-rolled cigarette. Silat Harimau diasosiasikan layaknya mengasah pisau gurapu. Tiger Silat associated gurapu like sharpening knives. Latihan berlangsung di malam hari dan dimulai dengan tiga gerakan: sikap awal, hormat bumi dan hormat langit. The exercise took place in the evening and began with three movements: the initial attitude, respect and honor the earth the sky. Pesilat Harimau memakai penutup kepala kain tradisional Minangkabau yang disebut deta harimau. Tiger fighters wear headgear Minangkabau traditional cloth called a deta tiger.

³Silat Cimande sering disalahartikan sebagai seni bela diri agresif. ³ Silat Cimande often misinterpreted as aggressive martial art. Padahal, aliran ini juga dipercaya dapat menyembuhkan patah tulang dan beberapa metode pijat dibuat berdasarkan aliran silat ini. In fact, the flow is also believed to heal broken bones and several methods of massage is based on the flow of these arts. Mulai tahun 70-an, tabib Cimande dianggap sebagai salah satu sarana pengobatan tradisional murah dan mujarab. Beginning in the 70s, physicians Cimande regarded as one means of cheap and effective traditional medicine. Saat itu, banyak sepeda motor diimpor dari Jepang dengan akibat meningkatnya kecelakaan lalu lintas. At that time, a lot of motorcycles imported from Japan with the consequent increase in traffic accidents. Masyarakat awam banyak yang menggunakan jasa tabib Cimande. Many ordinary people who use the services of physicians Cimande. Diperlukan beberapa fase untuk menjadi anggota Cimande. Take several phases to become a member Cimande. Calon murid harus mengambil sumpah taleq dan mengikuti inisiasi ritual. Prospective students must take the oath and following the initiation ritual taleq. Sumpah taleq melarang guru dan muridnya saling berbohong, mencuri atau mengkonsumsi alkohol dan narkoba. Taleq oath forbids teachers and students together to lie, steal or consume alcohol and drugs.

>>Sumber: Majalah Moesson “Pencak Silat in Indonesië – De Mens & De Tijger” (April 2008)<< >> Source: Magazine Moesson "Pencak Silat in Indonesie - De Mens & De Tijger" (April 2008) <<

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Dunia pencak silat¹ mengenal beragam tokoh dan legenda. ¹ martial arts world to know the characters and legends. Edwel Yusri (44) adalah seorang datuk, salah satu pemimpin komunitas Minang di Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat. Edwel Yusri (44) is an ancestor, one community leader Minang in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. Ia dikenal sebagai ”raja” di dunia pencak silat, terutama dengan aliran Silat Harimau² yang dirintis keluarganya. He is known as the "king" in the world of martial arts, especially with the stream of the Tiger Silat ² which pioneered family. Yusri bercerita dari kantornya tidak jauh dari Pasar Tanah Abang di Jakarta. Yusri told of his office not far from Tanah Abang Market in Jakarta.

Edwel Yusri, expert Silat Harimau Edwel Yusri, Tiger Silat expert

“Sebentar lagi saya akan berangkat ke Perancis dan memperlihatkan Silat Harimau di Paris Open Pencak Silat Festival. "Soon I will be leaving for France and shows Tiger Silat Pencak Silat Open at Paris Festival. Murid-murid saya baru saja kembali dari sebuah pertandingan di Belanda,” ujar Yusri. My students have just returned from a match in the Netherlands, "said Yusri. Ia memperagakan gerakan Silat Harimau bersama salah seorang muridnya. He demonstrated the Tiger Silat movements with one of his students.

Yusri berdiri di hadapan muridnya. Yusri standing in front of his students. Suasana berubah hening sesaat. The atmosphere changed a moment of silence. Keduanya berdiri kaku dan dalam sekejap terlihat seakan siap saling menyerang. They both stood stiff and in a moment looked as if ready to attack each other. “Kami menghormati satu sama lain dan tidak harus mengukur ketrampilan yang kami kuasai. "We respect each other and not have to measure our skills mastered. Dasar pencak silat adalah saling menghargai,” tambah Yusri sambil tersenyum. Basic martial arts is a mutual respect, "added Yusri with a smile.

Banyak yang menganggap Yusri sebagai master Silat Harimau. Many consider Yusri as Tiger Silat masters. Eropa pun menggemari aliran pencak silat ini. European martial arts too fond of this flow. Ia belajar olahraga bela diri ini sejak usia 8 tahun dari kakeknya, Dina Sutan Mangkuto. He studied martial arts since the age of 8 years of his grandfather, Dina Sutan Mangkuto. Dina adalah seorang bangsawan dari Balingka dan memiliki 8 harimau. Dina is a nobleman of Balingka and had eight tigers. “Kakek saya meniru gerakan-gerakan macan peliharaannya seperti menyerang, beraksi dan menghindar. "My grandfather mimic movements such as pet tiger attack, acted and avoidance. Ia memperkenalkan bentuk baru pencak silat,” terang Yusri. He introduced a new form of martial arts, "said Yusri.

Waktu itu, Silat Harimau hanya diajarkan di lingkungan keluarga secara diam-diam di Sumatera Barat. At that time, Tiger Silat taught only in the family is secretly in West Sumatra. Pencak silat terdiri dari bermacam-macam aliran, salah satunya Merpati Putih asal Jawa. Pencak silat consists of a variety of streams, one from Java White Pigeon. Sumatera Barat, Jakarta dan Jawa Barat menjadi pusat pencak silat, meskipun dokumentasi atau sumber historis tidak banyak ditemukan. West Sumatra, Jakarta and West Java became the center of martial arts, although no documentation or historical resources are found. Untungnya, kekurangan ini terkompensasi dengan cerita-cerita heroik dari Padang, Cianjur dan terutama di sekitar Batavia. Fortunately, this deficiency compensated by the heroic stories of Padang, Cianjur and especially around Batavia.

Di Batavia, dulu jago berkelahi asal Betawi dan Sunda saling berlaga melawan pendekar kungfu asal Cina dan petinju dari Belanda. In Batavia, had a good fighter from Betawi and Sundanese competed against each other Chinese kung fu warriors and fighters from the Netherlands. Kini, penggemar ilmu bela diri dari seluruh penjuru dunia datang ke Jakarta untuk belajar pencak silat. Now, fans of martial arts from around the world come to Jakarta to study martial arts. Aliran Sabeni berkembang di Batavia dan populer di kalangan jagoan Betawi yang dikenal berdarah dingin saat itu. Sabeni flow develops in Batavia and Batavia popular hero known as the cold-blooded.

Kini, Muhammad Ali Sabeni (76) adalah godfather pencak silat Betawi. Now, Muhammad Ali Sabeni (76) is a martial arts godfather Betawi. Ia kerap dipanggil Babe Ali dan sempat menjadi jagoan jalanan seperti saudara-saudaranya yang lain. He often called Ali and Babe became a street hero like the other brothers. Akhir abad ke-20, ayahnya yang bernama sama pernah menjadi bulan-bulanan Korps Polisi Belanda di Batavia. End of the 20th century, his father called together once a month thereafter the Dutch in Batavia Police Corps. Polisi tidak sanggup melawan Ali Sabeni waktu itu. The police are not able to resist Ali Sabeni time.

Menurut salah satu anekdot, Korps Polisi Belanda mengadu Ali Sabeni dengan jago kungfu asal China di Princen Park di West-Batavia. According to one anecdote, the Dutch police corps pitted Ali Sabeni with kung fu master from China in Princen Park in West-Batavia. Ia dengan mudah menandingi jago kungfu tersebut. He easily match the kung fu master. Babe Ali masih berlatih pencak silat secara teratur setiap hari bersama murid-muridnya. Babe Ali was practicing martial arts on a regular basis every day with his students. Tidak mudah menurunkan ilmunya ke generasi muda, apalagi pencak silat kalah pamor dengan musik pop dan acara televisi. Not easy to reduce their knowledge to the younger generation, especially martial arts overshadowed by pop music and television shows.

Peraga Silat Tuo, salah satu cabang pencak silat di Sumatera Barat Figure Silat Tuo, one branch of martial arts in West Sumatra

Sampai sekarang, asal-usul pencak silat masih sering diperdebatkan. Until now, the origin of martial arts is still much debated. Sebagian menyebut Riau sebagai tempat kelahiran pencak silat, meskipun Jawa juga mengenal tradisi ini. Much mention Riau as the birthplace of martial arts, even though Java is also familiar with this tradition. Di abad ke-7, Riau dan Sumatera Selatan menjadi sentra perdagangan Kerajaan Sriwijaya. In the 7th century, Riau and South Sumatra to the trade center for the kingdom of Srivijaya. Raja-raja berusaha mempertahankan daerah kekuasaan mereka di Sumatera Selatan, Selat Malaka dan pantai barat laut Pulau Jawa. Kings tried to defend their territory in South Sumatera, Malacca Strait and northwest coast of Java Island.

Pencak silat yang berkembang di Kerajaan Sriwijaya kemungkinan besar dipengaruhi oleh seni bela diri dari India dan China. Martial arts that developed in the kingdom of Srivijaya likely influenced by the martial arts of India and China. Pengetahuan mengenai seni bela diri menjadi syarat utama untuk menduduki kursi pimpinan di kerajaan. Knowledge of the martial arts became the main requirement for leadership in the royal seat. Kecenderungan ini juga dijumpai di Kerajaan Syailendra, Majapahit dan Mataram. This trend is also found in the Kingdom dynasty, Majapahit and Mataram. Pencak silat adalah pengetahuan krusial dalam karier politik waktu itu. Pencak silat is crucial in the knowledge that time political career.

Kerajaan-kerajaan tersebut memiliki satuan tentara untuk melindungi wilayah kekuasaan mereka. Kingdoms have an army unit to protect their territory. Rakyat biasa pun seringkali diwajibkan untuk mengikuti latihan pencak silat. Ordinary people were often obliged to follow the practice of martial arts. Akibatnya, anggota satuan tentara itu tidak hanya terdiri dari keturunan bangsawan. As a result, members of the army unit composed not only of the royal line. Tentara Bhayangkari di bawah pimpinan Gajah Mada adalah salah satunya dan berhasil merebut Kerajaan Majapahit di Jawa. Bhayangkari army under the command of Gajah Mada is one of them and captured the kingdom of Majapahit in Java.

Selain itu, tokoh-tokoh terkenal seperti Senopati dan Ki Jaka Tingkir memulai karier mereka sebagai komandan di pasukan elite kerajaan. In addition, the well-known figures such as Ki Jaka Tingkir Senopati and start their careers as a commander in the elite forces of the kingdom. Kekuasaan dan popularitas kerajaan di Sumatera, Sunda dan Jawa mulai merosot setelah kedatangan dan invasi Belanda. Power and popularity of the kingdom in Sumatra, Java, Sunda and began to decline after the arrival and the Dutch invasion. Satuan tentara elite harus kehilangan pekerjaan dan sebagian besar kembali ke kampung halaman mereka. Unit of elite soldiers have lost their jobs and most return to their homes. Mantan satuan tentara sangat disegani dan mereka mengajarkan pencak silat yang dianggap magis ke penduduk. Ex-soldier units respected and they teach martial arts to people who are considered magical.

Hingga kini masih terlontar pertanyaan mengenai pencak silat: olahraga rakyat atau seni bela diri elite? Ejected is still a question about martial arts: folk sports or martial arts elite? Sejarah menyebutkan, seni bela diri China banyak mempengaruhi pencak silat. History says, many Chinese martial arts martial arts influence. Namun, Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia (IPSI) menegaskan, olahraga ini asli berasal dari Indonesia dan salah satu tradisi rakyat Indonesia. However, Indonesian Pencak Silat Association (IPSI) asserts, this sport indigenous to Indonesia and one of the traditions of the people of Indonesia. IPSI mempunyai ribuan anggota, diantaranya Letjen Prabowo Subianto. IPSI has thousands of members, including Lt. Gen. Prabowo Subianto. Ia terpilih menjadi Ketua IPSI sampai tahun 2011 nanti. She was elected Chairman IPSI until the year 2011.

Menantu mantan Presiden Soeharto ini melesat kariernya di TNI dan ia sempat menjadi kepala divisi prestisius Kostrad dan komandan satuan Kopassus. Daughter of former President Soeharto was shot in the military career and he had become head of the prestigious Kostrad and Kopassus unit commander. Para anggota IPSI menyanggah pengaruh China dalam pencak silat, kendati banyak legenda justru menepis sanggahan mereka. The members of the IPSI refute China's influence in the martial arts, despite the many legends it dismissed their objections. Salah satunya cerita tentang Mama Kosim, penemu bela diri Syahbandar. One was the story of Mama Kosim, inventor of martial Syahbandar. Ia berduel dengan salah satu pesilat Kuntao dari China di Batavia dan Mama Kosim berhasil mengalahkannya. He dueled with one fighter Kuntao of China in Batavia and Mama Kosim beat him.

Salah satu gerakan Silat Tuo One of Silat Tuo movement

Pesilat Kuntao itu terbujur bersimbah darah. Kuntao fighters were lying covered in blood. Seorang polisi Belanda bergegas menghampirinya. A Dutch police rushed toward her. “Ada apa ini?” sergahnya. "What is this?" He said. Pria tersebut hanya dapat menjawab pok-pok yang berarti ditinju dalam bahasa setempat. Men can only be answered pok-pok, which means being punched in the local language. “Saya hanya main-main saja,” Mama Kosim menambahkan. "I was just playing around it," Mama Kosim added. “Oh, kalian sedang main pok!” polisi itu melanjutkan. "Oh, you're playing pok!" Continued the policeman. Kerumunan orang yang kebetulan mendengarkan percakapan tersebut mengira mereka sedang menonton olahraga baru maenpo. Crowds of people who happen to listen to the conversation thought they were watching a new sport maenpo. Maenpo populer di kemudian hari dengan gerakan agresif meninju dan menendang. Maenpo popular in the future with aggressive punching and kicking movements.

Pencak silat juga erat dengan Islam. Pencak silat is also close to Islam. Pelatih pencak silat biasanya kaum muslim terdidik dan saleh. Martial arts coach is usually well-educated and devout Muslims. Abah Kahir adalah pemimpin legendaris gaya Cimande³ dari Jawa Barat. Abah is the end of a legendary leader Cimande ³ style of West Java. Konon, ia masih keturunan Suku Badui di Banten. That said, he still descendants of Bedouins in Banten. Suku Badui dipercaya mempunyai silsilah erat dengan tentara Ratu Pucuk Umum, pemimpin terakhir Kerajaan Pajajaran. Bedouin tribes believed to have a pedigree closely with Queen's army shoots General, the last leader Pajajaran Kingdom. Pucuk Umum menyerahkan diri ke pasukan Islam pimpinan Maulana Yusuf di tahun 1579. Commercial shoots surrendered to the forces of Islam leader Maulana Yusuf in 1579. Laskar tentara Pucuk Umum dibebaskan asalkan mereka hidup secara damai. The top army general army freed as long as they live peacefully.

Abah Kahir amat populer di Banten. Abah end of a very popular in Punjab. Pesilat lain sering bertandang ke kediamannya di Cikeusik dan menantangnya. Other fighters often come to his residence in Cikeusik and challenged. Semua duel tersebut dengan mudah dimenangkan Abah Kahir. All easily won the duel end of a Abah. Sayang, pertumpahan darah tidak sejalan dengan tradisi Badui. Unfortunately, the bloodshed is not in line with the traditions of the Bedouin. Abah Kahir diasingkan ke Cimande, sebelah barat Bogor. Abah was exiled to the end of a Cimande, west of Bogor. Suku Badui pun merahasiakan gerakan pencak silat mereka hingga saat ini. Bedouins also keep their martial arts movements to date.

Abah Kahir ingin menurunkan ilmunya dengan tujuan kemanusiaan ke generasi penerus di sekitar Banten dan memulai padepokan pada tahun 1760. Abah end of a science with the aim to reduce humanity to the next generation in Banten and start hermitage in 1760. Al Qur'an menjadi sumber inspirasi bagi Kahir. Al Quran a source of inspiration for the end of a. Aksara Arab Alif dan Lam ia gunakan sebagai dasar gerakan pencak silatnya dan melambangkan Hamba Allah. Alif and Lam Arabic script he used as the basis of martial movement and symbolizes silatnya Servant of God.

Animo terhadap pencak silat terus menurun di Indonesia. Interest to the martial arts continue to decline in Indonesia. Generasi muda lebih tertarik dengan bela diri impor seperti taekwondo dari Korea atau capoeira asal Brasilia. The younger generation is more interested in martial arts such as taekwondo imported from Korea or capoeira from Brazil. “Dulu, ada Silat Kucing dari Sumatera Barat. "First, there are cats Silat from West Sumatra. Sekarang, pengikutnya seperti terkubur zaman,” terang Hariadi Anwar, wakil dari Indonesia di Federasi Pencak Silat Internasional. Now, as his followers buried the time, "said Hariadi Anwar, representatives of Indonesia in the International Pencak Silat Federation. “Terutama orang asing jauh lebih berminat,” tandasnya. "Especially the foreigners are much more interested," he said.

Catatan: Note:

Yusri sedang beraksi Yusri in action

¹Pencak silat adalah nama umum ragam seni bela diri di Indonesia. Pencak silat ¹ is the common name of various martial arts in Indonesia. Definisi yang sering digunakan adalah seni ragawi, karena tubuh adalah medium terpenting. Frequently used definition is the art of the body, because the body is the most important medium. Pencak dapat diartikan gerakan luwes tapi terkendali, sedangkan silat adalah gerakan secepat kilat untuk mengimbangi serangan lawan atau pertahanan diri. Martial can be interpreted flexibly but controlled movement, while the martial arts is a lightning movement to offset the opponent's attack or defense. Pesilat ulung tidak akan pernah menyerang langsung, namun menunggu sambil mengumpulkan strategi untuk menyerang balik lawannya. Accomplished fighter will never attack directly, but waited while collecting a strategy to counter his opponent. Beberapa teknik pencak silat dilarang digunakan karena dapat berakibat fatal terhadap lawan. Some of the techniques of martial arts are dangerous because it can be fatal to the opponent. Pencak silat adalah produk interaksi manusia dengan alam. Pencak silat is a product of human interaction with nature. Aktivitas dan mimik satwa – seperti macan yang sedang bertarung, kera yang bergelayut di pepohonan atau burung elang yang siap memangsa – kerap dijadikan gerakan dasar pencak silat. Activity and expression of animals - like tigers who are fighting, monkey who hung on trees or an eagle ready to prey - often used as a basic martial arts movements. Wacana lain menyebutkan, pencak silat erat dengan dunia spiritual dan supranatural. Another mentioned discourse, martial arts closely with the spiritual world and the supernatural. Sebelum berlaga, kontak dengan alam bawah sadar atau roh halus dapat dilakukan melalui doa-doa tertentu. Before competing, contact with the subconscious or spirit can be done through certain prayers.

²Hanya segelintir orang mendalami Silat Harimau. ² Only a handful of people go into Tiger Silat. Mereka dituntut dapat menjaga rahasia. They are required to keep confidential. Calon murid harus menyerahkan pisau gurapu, empat meter kain putih, tiga kilogram beras dan rokok linting. Prospective students must submit gurapu knife, four yards of white fabric, three kilograms of rice and hand-rolled cigarette. Silat Harimau diasosiasikan layaknya mengasah pisau gurapu. Tiger Silat associated gurapu like sharpening knives. Latihan berlangsung di malam hari dan dimulai dengan tiga gerakan: sikap awal, hormat bumi dan hormat langit. The exercise took place in the evening and began with three movements: the initial attitude, respect and honor the earth the sky. Pesilat Harimau memakai penutup kepala kain tradisional Minangkabau yang disebut deta harimau. Tiger fighters wear headgear Minangkabau traditional cloth called a deta tiger.

³Silat Cimande sering disalahartikan sebagai seni bela diri agresif. ³ Silat Cimande often misinterpreted as aggressive martial art. Padahal, aliran ini juga dipercaya dapat menyembuhkan patah tulang dan beberapa metode pijat dibuat berdasarkan aliran silat ini. In fact, the flow is also believed to heal broken bones and several methods of massage is based on the flow of these arts. Mulai tahun 70-an, tabib Cimande dianggap sebagai salah satu sarana pengobatan tradisional murah dan mujarab. Beginning in the 70s, physicians Cimande regarded as one means of cheap and effective traditional medicine. Saat itu, banyak sepeda motor diimpor dari Jepang dengan akibat meningkatnya kecelakaan lalu lintas. At that time, a lot of motorcycles imported from Japan with the consequent increase in traffic accidents. Masyarakat awam banyak yang menggunakan jasa tabib Cimande. Many ordinary people who use the services of physicians Cimande. Diperlukan beberapa fase untuk menjadi anggota Cimande. Take several phases to become a member Cimande. Calon murid harus mengambil sumpah taleq dan mengikuti inisiasi ritual. Prospective students must take the oath and following the initiation ritual taleq. Sumpah taleq melarang guru dan muridnya saling berbohong, mencuri atau mengkonsumsi alkohol dan narkoba. Taleq oath forbids teachers and students together to lie, steal or consume alcohol and drugs.

>>Sumber: Majalah Moesson “Pencak Silat in Indonesië – De Mens & De Tijger” (April 2008)<< >> Source: Magazine Moesson "Pencak Silat in Indonesie - De Mens & De Tijger" (April 2008) <<

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Dunia pencak silat¹ mengenal beragam tokoh dan legenda. ¹ martial arts world to know the characters and legends. Edwel Yusri (44) adalah seorang datuk, salah satu pemimpin komunitas Minang di Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat. Edwel Yusri (44) is an ancestor, one community leader Minang in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. Ia dikenal sebagai ”raja” di dunia pencak silat, terutama dengan aliran Silat Harimau² yang dirintis keluarganya. He is known as the "king" in the world of martial arts, especially with the stream of the Tiger Silat ² which pioneered family. Yusri bercerita dari kantornya tidak jauh dari Pasar Tanah Abang di Jakarta. Yusri told of his office not far from Tanah Abang Market in Jakarta.

Edwel Yusri, expert Silat Harimau Edwel Yusri, Tiger Silat expert

“Sebentar lagi saya akan berangkat ke Perancis dan memperlihatkan Silat Harimau di Paris Open Pencak Silat Festival. "Soon I will be leaving for France and shows Tiger Silat Pencak Silat Open at Paris Festival. Murid-murid saya baru saja kembali dari sebuah pertandingan di Belanda,” ujar Yusri. My students have just returned from a match in the Netherlands, "said Yusri. Ia memperagakan gerakan Silat Harimau bersama salah seorang muridnya. He demonstrated the Tiger Silat movements with one of his students.

Yusri berdiri di hadapan muridnya. Yusri standing in front of his students. Suasana berubah hening sesaat. The atmosphere changed a moment of silence. Keduanya berdiri kaku dan dalam sekejap terlihat seakan siap saling menyerang. They both stood stiff and in a moment looked as if ready to attack each other. “Kami menghormati satu sama lain dan tidak harus mengukur ketrampilan yang kami kuasai. "We respect each other and not have to measure our skills mastered. Dasar pencak silat adalah saling menghargai,” tambah Yusri sambil tersenyum. Basic martial arts is a mutual respect, "added Yusri with a smile.

Banyak yang menganggap Yusri sebagai master Silat Harimau. Many consider Yusri as Tiger Silat masters. Eropa pun menggemari aliran pencak silat ini. European martial arts too fond of this flow. Ia belajar olahraga bela diri ini sejak usia 8 tahun dari kakeknya, Dina Sutan Mangkuto. He studied martial arts since the age of 8 years of his grandfather, Dina Sutan Mangkuto. Dina adalah seorang bangsawan dari Balingka dan memiliki 8 harimau. Dina is a nobleman of Balingka and had eight tigers. “Kakek saya meniru gerakan-gerakan macan peliharaannya seperti menyerang, beraksi dan menghindar. "My grandfather mimic movements such as pet tiger attack, acted and avoidance. Ia memperkenalkan bentuk baru pencak silat,” terang Yusri. He introduced a new form of martial arts, "said Yusri.

Waktu itu, Silat Harimau hanya diajarkan di lingkungan keluarga secara diam-diam di Sumatera Barat. At that time, Tiger Silat taught only in the family is secretly in West Sumatra. Pencak silat terdiri dari bermacam-macam aliran, salah satunya Merpati Putih asal Jawa. Pencak silat consists of a variety of streams, one from Java White Pigeon. Sumatera Barat, Jakarta dan Jawa Barat menjadi pusat pencak silat, meskipun dokumentasi atau sumber historis tidak banyak ditemukan. West Sumatra, Jakarta and West Java became the center of martial arts, although no documentation or historical resources are found. Untungnya, kekurangan ini terkompensasi dengan cerita-cerita heroik dari Padang, Cianjur dan terutama di sekitar Batavia. Fortunately, this deficiency compensated by the heroic stories of Padang, Cianjur and especially around Batavia.

Di Batavia, dulu jago berkelahi asal Betawi dan Sunda saling berlaga melawan pendekar kungfu asal Cina dan petinju dari Belanda. In Batavia, had a good fighter from Betawi and Sundanese competed against each other Chinese kung fu warriors and fighters from the Netherlands. Kini, penggemar ilmu bela diri dari seluruh penjuru dunia datang ke Jakarta untuk belajar pencak silat. Now, fans of martial arts from around the world come to Jakarta to study martial arts. Aliran Sabeni berkembang di Batavia dan populer di kalangan jagoan Betawi yang dikenal berdarah dingin saat itu. Sabeni flow develops in Batavia and Batavia popular hero known as the cold-blooded.

Kini, Muhammad Ali Sabeni (76) adalah godfather pencak silat Betawi. Now, Muhammad Ali Sabeni (76) is a martial arts godfather Betawi. Ia kerap dipanggil Babe Ali dan sempat menjadi jagoan jalanan seperti saudara-saudaranya yang lain. He often called Ali and Babe became a street hero like the other brothers. Akhir abad ke-20, ayahnya yang bernama sama pernah menjadi bulan-bulanan Korps Polisi Belanda di Batavia. End of the 20th century, his father called together once a month thereafter the Dutch in Batavia Police Corps. Polisi tidak sanggup melawan Ali Sabeni waktu itu. The police are not able to resist Ali Sabeni time.

Menurut salah satu anekdot, Korps Polisi Belanda mengadu Ali Sabeni dengan jago kungfu asal China di Princen Park di West-Batavia. According to one anecdote, the Dutch police corps pitted Ali Sabeni with kung fu master from China in Princen Park in West-Batavia. Ia dengan mudah menandingi jago kungfu tersebut. He easily match the kung fu master. Babe Ali masih berlatih pencak silat secara teratur setiap hari bersama murid-muridnya. Babe Ali was practicing martial arts on a regular basis every day with his students. Tidak mudah menurunkan ilmunya ke generasi muda, apalagi pencak silat kalah pamor dengan musik pop dan acara televisi. Not easy to reduce their knowledge to the younger generation, especially martial arts overshadowed by pop music and television shows.

Peraga Silat Tuo, salah satu cabang pencak silat di Sumatera Barat Figure Silat Tuo, one branch of martial arts in West Sumatra

Sampai sekarang, asal-usul pencak silat masih sering diperdebatkan. Until now, the origin of martial arts is still much debated. Sebagian menyebut Riau sebagai tempat kelahiran pencak silat, meskipun Jawa juga mengenal tradisi ini. Much mention Riau as the birthplace of martial arts, even though Java is also familiar with this tradition. Di abad ke-7, Riau dan Sumatera Selatan menjadi sentra perdagangan Kerajaan Sriwijaya. In the 7th century, Riau and South Sumatra to the trade center for the kingdom of Srivijaya. Raja-raja berusaha mempertahankan daerah kekuasaan mereka di Sumatera Selatan, Selat Malaka dan pantai barat laut Pulau Jawa. Kings tried to defend their territory in South Sumatera, Malacca Strait and northwest coast of Java Island.

Pencak silat yang berkembang di Kerajaan Sriwijaya kemungkinan besar dipengaruhi oleh seni bela diri dari India dan China. Martial arts that developed in the kingdom of Srivijaya likely influenced by the martial arts of India and China. Pengetahuan mengenai seni bela diri menjadi syarat utama untuk menduduki kursi pimpinan di kerajaan. Knowledge of the martial arts became the main requirement for leadership in the royal seat. Kecenderungan ini juga dijumpai di Kerajaan Syailendra, Majapahit dan Mataram. This trend is also found in the Kingdom dynasty, Majapahit and Mataram. Pencak silat adalah pengetahuan krusial dalam karier politik waktu itu. Pencak silat is crucial in the knowledge that time political career.

Kerajaan-kerajaan tersebut memiliki satuan tentara untuk melindungi wilayah kekuasaan mereka. Kingdoms have an army unit to protect their territory. Rakyat biasa pun seringkali diwajibkan untuk mengikuti latihan pencak silat. Ordinary people were often obliged to follow the practice of martial arts. Akibatnya, anggota satuan tentara itu tidak hanya terdiri dari keturunan bangsawan. As a result, members of the army unit composed not only of the royal line. Tentara Bhayangkari di bawah pimpinan Gajah Mada adalah salah satunya dan berhasil merebut Kerajaan Majapahit di Jawa. Bhayangkari army under the command of Gajah Mada is one of them and captured the kingdom of Majapahit in Java.

Selain itu, tokoh-tokoh terkenal seperti Senopati dan Ki Jaka Tingkir memulai karier mereka sebagai komandan di pasukan elite kerajaan. In addition, the well-known figures such as Ki Jaka Tingkir Senopati and start their careers as a commander in the elite forces of the kingdom. Kekuasaan dan popularitas kerajaan di Sumatera, Sunda dan Jawa mulai merosot setelah kedatangan dan invasi Belanda. Power and popularity of the kingdom in Sumatra, Java, Sunda and began to decline after the arrival and the Dutch invasion. Satuan tentara elite harus kehilangan pekerjaan dan sebagian besar kembali ke kampung halaman mereka. Unit of elite soldiers have lost their jobs and most return to their homes. Mantan satuan tentara sangat disegani dan mereka mengajarkan pencak silat yang dianggap magis ke penduduk. Ex-soldier units respected and they teach martial arts to people who are considered magical.

Hingga kini masih terlontar pertanyaan mengenai pencak silat: olahraga rakyat atau seni bela diri elite? Ejected is still a question about martial arts: folk sports or martial arts elite? Sejarah menyebutkan, seni bela diri China banyak mempengaruhi pencak silat. History says, many Chinese martial arts martial arts influence. Namun, Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia (IPSI) menegaskan, olahraga ini asli berasal dari Indonesia dan salah satu tradisi rakyat Indonesia. However, Indonesian Pencak Silat Association (IPSI) asserts, this sport indigenous to Indonesia and one of the traditions of the people of Indonesia. IPSI mempunyai ribuan anggota, diantaranya Letjen Prabowo Subianto. IPSI has thousands of members, including Lt. Gen. Prabowo Subianto. Ia terpilih menjadi Ketua IPSI sampai tahun 2011 nanti. She was elected Chairman IPSI until the year 2011.

Menantu mantan Presiden Soeharto ini melesat kariernya di TNI dan ia sempat menjadi kepala divisi prestisius Kostrad dan komandan satuan Kopassus. Daughter of former President Soeharto was shot in the military career and he had become head of the prestigious Kostrad and Kopassus unit commander. Para anggota IPSI menyanggah pengaruh China dalam pencak silat, kendati banyak legenda justru menepis sanggahan mereka. The members of the IPSI refute China's influence in the martial arts, despite the many legends it dismissed their objections. Salah satunya cerita tentang Mama Kosim, penemu bela diri Syahbandar. One was the story of Mama Kosim, inventor of martial Syahbandar. Ia berduel dengan salah satu pesilat Kuntao dari China di Batavia dan Mama Kosim berhasil mengalahkannya. He dueled with one fighter Kuntao of China in Batavia and Mama Kosim beat him.

Salah satu gerakan Silat Tuo One of Silat Tuo movement

Pesilat Kuntao itu terbujur bersimbah darah. Kuntao fighters were lying covered in blood. Seorang polisi Belanda bergegas menghampirinya. A Dutch police rushed toward her. “Ada apa ini?” sergahnya. "What is this?" He said. Pria tersebut hanya dapat menjawab pok-pok yang berarti ditinju dalam bahasa setempat. Men can only be answered pok-pok, which means being punched in the local language. “Saya hanya main-main saja,” Mama Kosim menambahkan. "I was just playing around it," Mama Kosim added. “Oh, kalian sedang main pok!” polisi itu melanjutkan. "Oh, you're playing pok!" Continued the policeman. Kerumunan orang yang kebetulan mendengarkan percakapan tersebut mengira mereka sedang menonton olahraga baru maenpo. Crowds of people who happen to listen to the conversation thought they were watching a new sport maenpo. Maenpo populer di kemudian hari dengan gerakan agresif meninju dan menendang. Maenpo popular in the future with aggressive punching and kicking movements.

Pencak silat juga erat dengan Islam. Pencak silat is also close to Islam. Pelatih pencak silat biasanya kaum muslim terdidik dan saleh. Martial arts coach is usually well-educated and devout Muslims. Abah Kahir adalah pemimpin legendaris gaya Cimande³ dari Jawa Barat. Abah is the end of a legendary leader Cimande ³ style of West Java. Konon, ia masih keturunan Suku Badui di Banten. That said, he still descendants of Bedouins in Banten. Suku Badui dipercaya mempunyai silsilah erat dengan tentara Ratu Pucuk Umum, pemimpin terakhir Kerajaan Pajajaran. Bedouin tribes believed to have a pedigree closely with Queen's army shoots General, the last leader Pajajaran Kingdom. Pucuk Umum menyerahkan diri ke pasukan Islam pimpinan Maulana Yusuf di tahun 1579. Commercial shoots surrendered to the forces of Islam leader Maulana Yusuf in 1579. Laskar tentara Pucuk Umum dibebaskan asalkan mereka hidup secara damai. The top army general army freed as long as they live peacefully.

Abah Kahir amat populer di Banten. Abah end of a very popular in Punjab. Pesilat lain sering bertandang ke kediamannya di Cikeusik dan menantangnya. Other fighters often come to his residence in Cikeusik and challenged. Semua duel tersebut dengan mudah dimenangkan Abah Kahir. All easily won the duel end of a Abah. Sayang, pertumpahan darah tidak sejalan dengan tradisi Badui. Unfortunately, the bloodshed is not in line with the traditions of the Bedouin. Abah Kahir diasingkan ke Cimande, sebelah barat Bogor. Abah was exiled to the end of a Cimande, west of Bogor. Suku Badui pun merahasiakan gerakan pencak silat mereka hingga saat ini. Bedouins also keep their martial arts movements to date.

Abah Kahir ingin menurunkan ilmunya dengan tujuan kemanusiaan ke generasi penerus di sekitar Banten dan memulai padepokan pada tahun 1760. Abah end of a science with the aim to reduce humanity to the next generation in Banten and start hermitage in 1760. Al Qur'an menjadi sumber inspirasi bagi Kahir. Al Quran a source of inspiration for the end of a. Aksara Arab Alif dan Lam ia gunakan sebagai dasar gerakan pencak silatnya dan melambangkan Hamba Allah. Alif and Lam Arabic script he used as the basis of martial movement and symbolizes silatnya Servant of God.

Animo terhadap pencak silat terus menurun di Indonesia. Interest to the martial arts continue to decline in Indonesia. Generasi muda lebih tertarik dengan bela diri impor seperti taekwondo dari Korea atau capoeira asal Brasilia. The younger generation is more interested in martial arts such as taekwondo imported from Korea or capoeira from Brazil. “Dulu, ada Silat Kucing dari Sumatera Barat. "First, there are cats Silat from West Sumatra. Sekarang, pengikutnya seperti terkubur zaman,” terang Hariadi Anwar, wakil dari Indonesia di Federasi Pencak Silat Internasional. Now, as his followers buried the time, "said Hariadi Anwar, representatives of Indonesia in the International Pencak Silat Federation. “Terutama orang asing jauh lebih berminat,” tandasnya. "Especially the foreigners are much more interested," he said.

Catatan: Note:

Yusri sedang beraksi Yusri in action

¹Pencak silat adalah nama umum ragam seni bela diri di Indonesia. Pencak silat ¹ is the common name of various martial arts in Indonesia. Definisi yang sering digunakan adalah seni ragawi, karena tubuh adalah medium terpenting. Frequently used definition is the art of the body, because the body is the most important medium. Pencak dapat diartikan gerakan luwes tapi terkendali, sedangkan silat adalah gerakan secepat kilat untuk mengimbangi serangan lawan atau pertahanan diri. Martial can be interpreted flexibly but controlled movement, while the martial arts is a lightning movement to offset the opponent's attack or defense. Pesilat ulung tidak akan pernah menyerang langsung, namun menunggu sambil mengumpulkan strategi untuk menyerang balik lawannya. Accomplished fighter will never attack directly, but waited while collecting a strategy to counter his opponent. Beberapa teknik pencak silat dilarang digunakan karena dapat berakibat fatal terhadap lawan. Some of the techniques of martial arts are dangerous because it can be fatal to the opponent. Pencak silat adalah produk interaksi manusia dengan alam. Pencak silat is a product of human interaction with nature. Aktivitas dan mimik satwa – seperti macan yang sedang bertarung, kera yang bergelayut di pepohonan atau burung elang yang siap memangsa – kerap dijadikan gerakan dasar pencak silat. Activity and expression of animals - like tigers who are fighting, monkey who hung on trees or an eagle ready to prey - often used as a basic martial arts movements. Wacana lain menyebutkan, pencak silat erat dengan dunia spiritual dan supranatural. Another mentioned discourse, martial arts closely with the spiritual world and the supernatural. Sebelum berlaga, kontak dengan alam bawah sadar atau roh halus dapat dilakukan melalui doa-doa tertentu. Before competing, contact with the subconscious or spirit can be done through certain prayers.

²Hanya segelintir orang mendalami Silat Harimau. ² Only a handful of people go into Tiger Silat. Mereka dituntut dapat menjaga rahasia. They are required to keep confidential. Calon murid harus menyerahkan pisau gurapu, empat meter kain putih, tiga kilogram beras dan rokok linting. Prospective students must submit gurapu knife, four yards of white fabric, three kilograms of rice and hand-rolled cigarette. Silat Harimau diasosiasikan layaknya mengasah pisau gurapu. Tiger Silat associated gurapu like sharpening knives. Latihan berlangsung di malam hari dan dimulai dengan tiga gerakan: sikap awal, hormat bumi dan hormat langit. The exercise took place in the evening and began with three movements: the initial attitude, respect and honor the earth the sky. Pesilat Harimau memakai penutup kepala kain tradisional Minangkabau yang disebut deta harimau. Tiger fighters wear headgear Minangkabau traditional cloth called a deta tiger.

³Silat Cimande sering disalahartikan sebagai seni bela diri agresif. ³ Silat Cimande often misinterpreted as aggressive martial art. Padahal, aliran ini juga dipercaya dapat menyembuhkan patah tulang dan beberapa metode pijat dibuat berdasarkan aliran silat ini. In fact, the flow is also believed to heal broken bones and several methods of massage is based on the flow of these arts. Mulai tahun 70-an, tabib Cimande dianggap sebagai salah satu sarana pengobatan tradisional murah dan mujarab. Beginning in the 70s, physicians Cimande regarded as one means of cheap and effective traditional medicine. Saat itu, banyak sepeda motor diimpor dari Jepang dengan akibat meningkatnya kecelakaan lalu lintas. At that time, a lot of motorcycles imported from Japan with the consequent increase in traffic accidents. Masyarakat awam banyak yang menggunakan jasa tabib Cimande. Many ordinary people who use the services of physicians Cimande. Diperlukan beberapa fase untuk menjadi anggota Cimande. Take several phases to become a member Cimande. Calon murid harus mengambil sumpah taleq dan mengikuti inisiasi ritual. Prospective students must take the oath and following the initiation ritual taleq. Sumpah taleq melarang guru dan muridnya saling berbohong, mencuri atau mengkonsumsi alkohol dan narkoba. Taleq oath forbids teachers and students together to lie, steal or consume alcohol and drugs.

>>Sumber: Majalah Moesson “Pencak Silat in Indonesië – De Mens & De Tijger” (April 2008)<< >> Source: Magazine Moesson "Pencak Silat in Indonesie - De Mens & De Tijger" (April 2008) <<

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Dunia pencak silat¹ mengenal beragam tokoh dan legenda. ¹ martial arts world to know the characters and legends. Edwel Yusri (44) adalah seorang datuk, salah satu pemimpin komunitas Minang di Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat. Edwel Yusri (44) is an ancestor, one community leader Minang in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. Ia dikenal sebagai ”raja” di dunia pencak silat, terutama dengan aliran Silat Harimau² yang dirintis keluarganya. He is known as the "king" in the world of martial arts, especially with the stream of the Tiger Silat ² which pioneered family. Yusri bercerita dari kantornya tidak jauh dari Pasar Tanah Abang di Jakarta. Yusri told of his office not far from Tanah Abang Market in Jakarta.

Edwel Yusri, expert Silat Harimau Edwel Yusri, Tiger Silat expert

“Sebentar lagi saya akan berangkat ke Perancis dan memperlihatkan Silat Harimau di Paris Open Pencak Silat Festival. "Soon I will be leaving for France and shows Tiger Silat Pencak Silat Open at Paris Festival. Murid-murid saya baru saja kembali dari sebuah pertandingan di Belanda,” ujar Yusri. My students have just returned from a match in the Netherlands, "said Yusri. Ia memperagakan gerakan Silat Harimau bersama salah seorang muridnya. He demonstrated the Tiger Silat movements with one of his students.

Yusri berdiri di hadapan muridnya. Yusri standing in front of his students. Suasana berubah hening sesaat. The atmosphere changed a moment of silence. Keduanya berdiri kaku dan dalam sekejap terlihat seakan siap saling menyerang. They both stood stiff and in a moment looked as if ready to attack each other. “Kami menghormati satu sama lain dan tidak harus mengukur ketrampilan yang kami kuasai. "We respect each other and not have to measure our skills mastered. Dasar pencak silat adalah saling menghargai,” tambah Yusri sambil tersenyum. Basic martial arts is a mutual respect, "added Yusri with a smile.

Banyak yang menganggap Yusri sebagai master Silat Harimau. Many consider Yusri as Tiger Silat masters. Eropa pun menggemari aliran pencak silat ini. European martial arts too fond of this flow. Ia belajar olahraga bela diri ini sejak usia 8 tahun dari kakeknya, Dina Sutan Mangkuto. He studied martial arts since the age of 8 years of his grandfather, Dina Sutan Mangkuto. Dina adalah seorang bangsawan dari Balingka dan memiliki 8 harimau. Dina is a nobleman of Balingka and had eight tigers. “Kakek saya meniru gerakan-gerakan macan peliharaannya seperti menyerang, beraksi dan menghindar. "My grandfather mimic movements such as pet tiger attack, acted and avoidance. Ia memperkenalkan bentuk baru pencak silat,” terang Yusri. He introduced a new form of martial arts, "said Yusri.

Waktu itu, Silat Harimau hanya diajarkan di lingkungan keluarga secara diam-diam di Sumatera Barat. At that time, Tiger Silat taught only in the family is secretly in West Sumatra. Pencak silat terdiri dari bermacam-macam aliran, salah satunya Merpati Putih asal Jawa. Pencak silat consists of a variety of streams, one from Java White Pigeon. Sumatera Barat, Jakarta dan Jawa Barat menjadi pusat pencak silat, meskipun dokumentasi atau sumber historis tidak banyak ditemukan. West Sumatra, Jakarta and West Java became the center of martial arts, although no documentation or historical resources are found. Untungnya, kekurangan ini terkompensasi dengan cerita-cerita heroik dari Padang, Cianjur dan terutama di sekitar Batavia. Fortunately, this deficiency compensated by the heroic stories of Padang, Cianjur and especially around Batavia.

Di Batavia, dulu jago berkelahi asal Betawi dan Sunda saling berlaga melawan pendekar kungfu asal Cina dan petinju dari Belanda. In Batavia, had a good fighter from Betawi and Sundanese competed against each other Chinese kung fu warriors and fighters from the Netherlands. Kini, penggemar ilmu bela diri dari seluruh penjuru dunia datang ke Jakarta untuk belajar pencak silat. Now, fans of martial arts from around the world come to Jakarta to study martial arts. Aliran Sabeni berkembang di Batavia dan populer di kalangan jagoan Betawi yang dikenal berdarah dingin saat itu. Sabeni flow develops in Batavia and Batavia popular hero known as the cold-blooded.

Kini, Muhammad Ali Sabeni (76) adalah godfather pencak silat Betawi. Now, Muhammad Ali Sabeni (76) is a martial arts godfather Betawi. Ia kerap dipanggil Babe Ali dan sempat menjadi jagoan jalanan seperti saudara-saudaranya yang lain. He often called Ali and Babe became a street hero like the other brothers. Akhir abad ke-20, ayahnya yang bernama sama pernah menjadi bulan-bulanan Korps Polisi Belanda di Batavia. End of the 20th century, his father called together once a month thereafter the Dutch in Batavia Police Corps. Polisi tidak sanggup melawan Ali Sabeni waktu itu. The police are not able to resist Ali Sabeni time.

Menurut salah satu anekdot, Korps Polisi Belanda mengadu Ali Sabeni dengan jago kungfu asal China di Princen Park di West-Batavia. According to one anecdote, the Dutch police corps pitted Ali Sabeni with kung fu master from China in Princen Park in West-Batavia. Ia dengan mudah menandingi jago kungfu tersebut. He easily match the kung fu master. Babe Ali masih berlatih pencak silat secara teratur setiap hari bersama murid-muridnya. Babe Ali was practicing martial arts on a regular basis every day with his students. Tidak mudah menurunkan ilmunya ke generasi muda, apalagi pencak silat kalah pamor dengan musik pop dan acara televisi. Not easy to reduce their knowledge to the younger generation, especially martial arts overshadowed by pop music and television shows.

Peraga Silat Tuo, salah satu cabang pencak silat di Sumatera Barat Figure Silat Tuo, one branch of martial arts in West Sumatra

Sampai sekarang, asal-usul pencak silat masih sering diperdebatkan. Until now, the origin of martial arts is still much debated. Sebagian menyebut Riau sebagai tempat kelahiran pencak silat, meskipun Jawa juga mengenal tradisi ini. Much mention Riau as the birthplace of martial arts, even though Java is also familiar with this tradition. Di abad ke-7, Riau dan Sumatera Selatan menjadi sentra perdagangan Kerajaan Sriwijaya. In the 7th century, Riau and South Sumatra to the trade center for the kingdom of Srivijaya. Raja-raja berusaha mempertahankan daerah kekuasaan mereka di Sumatera Selatan, Selat Malaka dan pantai barat laut Pulau Jawa. Kings tried to defend their territory in South Sumatera, Malacca Strait and northwest coast of Java Island.

Pencak silat yang berkembang di Kerajaan Sriwijaya kemungkinan besar dipengaruhi oleh seni bela diri dari India dan China. Martial arts that developed in the kingdom of Srivijaya likely influenced by the martial arts of India and China. Pengetahuan mengenai seni bela diri menjadi syarat utama untuk menduduki kursi pimpinan di kerajaan. Knowledge of the martial arts became the main requirement for leadership in the royal seat. Kecenderungan ini juga dijumpai di Kerajaan Syailendra, Majapahit dan Mataram. This trend is also found in the Kingdom dynasty, Majapahit and Mataram. Pencak silat adalah pengetahuan krusial dalam karier politik waktu itu. Pencak silat is crucial in the knowledge that time political career.

Kerajaan-kerajaan tersebut memiliki satuan tentara untuk melindungi wilayah kekuasaan mereka. Kingdoms have an army unit to protect their territory. Rakyat biasa pun seringkali diwajibkan untuk mengikuti latihan pencak silat. Ordinary people were often obliged to follow the practice of martial arts. Akibatnya, anggota satuan tentara itu tidak hanya terdiri dari keturunan bangsawan. As a result, members of the army unit composed not only of the royal line. Tentara Bhayangkari di bawah pimpinan Gajah Mada adalah salah satunya dan berhasil merebut Kerajaan Majapahit di Jawa. Bhayangkari army under the command of Gajah Mada is one of them and captured the kingdom of Majapahit in Java.

Selain itu, tokoh-tokoh terkenal seperti Senopati dan Ki Jaka Tingkir memulai karier mereka sebagai komandan di pasukan elite kerajaan. In addition, the well-known figures such as Ki Jaka Tingkir Senopati and start their careers as a commander in the elite forces of the kingdom. Kekuasaan dan popularitas kerajaan di Sumatera, Sunda dan Jawa mulai merosot setelah kedatangan dan invasi Belanda. Power and popularity of the kingdom in Sumatra, Java, Sunda and began to decline after the arrival and the Dutch invasion. Satuan tentara elite harus kehilangan pekerjaan dan sebagian besar kembali ke kampung halaman mereka. Unit of elite soldiers have lost their jobs and most return to their homes. Mantan satuan tentara sangat disegani dan mereka mengajarkan pencak silat yang dianggap magis ke penduduk. Ex-soldier units respected and they teach martial arts to people who are considered magical.

Hingga kini masih terlontar pertanyaan mengenai pencak silat: olahraga rakyat atau seni bela diri elite? Ejected is still a question about martial arts: folk sports or martial arts elite? Sejarah menyebutkan, seni bela diri China banyak mempengaruhi pencak silat. History says, many Chinese martial arts martial arts influence. Namun, Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia (IPSI) menegaskan, olahraga ini asli berasal dari Indonesia dan salah satu tradisi rakyat Indonesia. However, Indonesian Pencak Silat Association (IPSI) asserts, this sport indigenous to Indonesia and one of the traditions of the people of Indonesia. IPSI mempunyai ribuan anggota, diantaranya Letjen Prabowo Subianto. IPSI has thousands of members, including Lt. Gen. Prabowo Subianto. Ia terpilih menjadi Ketua IPSI sampai tahun 2011 nanti. She was elected Chairman IPSI until the year 2011.

Menantu mantan Presiden Soeharto ini melesat kariernya di TNI dan ia sempat menjadi kepala divisi prestisius Kostrad dan komandan satuan Kopassus. Daughter of former President Soeharto was shot in the military career and he had become head of the prestigious Kostrad and Kopassus unit commander. Para anggota IPSI menyanggah pengaruh China dalam pencak silat, kendati banyak legenda justru menepis sanggahan mereka. The members of the IPSI refute China's influence in the martial arts, despite the many legends it dismissed their objections. Salah satunya cerita tentang Mama Kosim, penemu bela diri Syahbandar. One was the story of Mama Kosim, inventor of martial Syahbandar. Ia berduel dengan salah satu pesilat Kuntao dari China di Batavia dan Mama Kosim berhasil mengalahkannya. He dueled with one fighter Kuntao of China in Batavia and Mama Kosim beat him.

Salah satu gerakan Silat Tuo One of Silat Tuo movement

Pesilat Kuntao itu terbujur bersimbah darah. Kuntao fighters were lying covered in blood. Seorang polisi Belanda bergegas menghampirinya. A Dutch police rushed toward her. “Ada apa ini?” sergahnya. "What is this?" He said. Pria tersebut hanya dapat menjawab pok-pok yang berarti ditinju dalam bahasa setempat. Men can only be answered pok-pok, which means being punched in the local language. “Saya hanya main-main saja,” Mama Kosim menambahkan. "I was just playing around it," Mama Kosim added. “Oh, kalian sedang main pok!” polisi itu melanjutkan. "Oh, you're playing pok!" Continued the policeman. Kerumunan orang yang kebetulan mendengarkan percakapan tersebut mengira mereka sedang menonton olahraga baru maenpo. Crowds of people who happen to listen to the conversation thought they were watching a new sport maenpo. Maenpo populer di kemudian hari dengan gerakan agresif meninju dan menendang. Maenpo popular in the future with aggressive punching and kicking movements.

Pencak silat juga erat dengan Islam. Pencak silat is also close to Islam. Pelatih pencak silat biasanya kaum muslim terdidik dan saleh. Martial arts coach is usually well-educated and devout Muslims. Abah Kahir adalah pemimpin legendaris gaya Cimande³ dari Jawa Barat. Abah is the end of a legendary leader Cimande ³ style of West Java. Konon, ia masih keturunan Suku Badui di Banten. That said, he still descendants of Bedouins in Banten. Suku Badui dipercaya mempunyai silsilah erat dengan tentara Ratu Pucuk Umum, pemimpin terakhir Kerajaan Pajajaran. Bedouin tribes believed to have a pedigree closely with Queen's army shoots General, the last leader Pajajaran Kingdom. Pucuk Umum menyerahkan diri ke pasukan Islam pimpinan Maulana Yusuf di tahun 1579. Commercial shoots surrendered to the forces of Islam leader Maulana Yusuf in 1579. Laskar tentara Pucuk Umum dibebaskan asalkan mereka hidup secara damai. The top army general army freed as long as they live peacefully.

Abah Kahir amat populer di Banten. Abah end of a very popular in Punjab. Pesilat lain sering bertandang ke kediamannya di Cikeusik dan menantangnya. Other fighters often come to his residence in Cikeusik and challenged. Semua duel tersebut dengan mudah dimenangkan Abah Kahir. All easily won the duel end of a Abah. Sayang, pertumpahan darah tidak sejalan dengan tradisi Badui. Unfortunately, the bloodshed is not in line with the traditions of the Bedouin. Abah Kahir diasingkan ke Cimande, sebelah barat Bogor. Abah was exiled to the end of a Cimande, west of Bogor. Suku Badui pun merahasiakan gerakan pencak silat mereka hingga saat ini. Bedouins also keep their martial arts movements to date.

Abah Kahir ingin menurunkan ilmunya dengan tujuan kemanusiaan ke generasi penerus di sekitar Banten dan memulai padepokan pada tahun 1760. Abah end of a science with the aim to reduce humanity to the next generation in Banten and start hermitage in 1760. Al Qur'an menjadi sumber inspirasi bagi Kahir. Al Quran a source of inspiration for the end of a. Aksara Arab Alif dan Lam ia gunakan sebagai dasar gerakan pencak silatnya dan melambangkan Hamba Allah. Alif and Lam Arabic script he used as the basis of martial movement and symbolizes silatnya Servant of God.

Animo terhadap pencak silat terus menurun di Indonesia. Interest to the martial arts continue to decline in Indonesia. Generasi muda lebih tertarik dengan bela diri impor seperti taekwondo dari Korea atau capoeira asal Brasilia. The younger generation is more interested in martial arts such as taekwondo imported from Korea or capoeira from Brazil. “Dulu, ada Silat Kucing dari Sumatera Barat. "First, there are cats Silat from West Sumatra. Sekarang, pengikutnya seperti terkubur zaman,” terang Hariadi Anwar, wakil dari Indonesia di Federasi Pencak Silat Internasional. Now, as his followers buried the time, "said Hariadi Anwar, representatives of Indonesia in the International Pencak Silat Federation. “Terutama orang asing jauh lebih berminat,” tandasnya. "Especially the foreigners are much more interested," he said.

Catatan: Note:

Yusri sedang beraksi Yusri in action

¹Pencak silat adalah nama umum ragam seni bela diri di Indonesia. Pencak silat ¹ is the common name of various martial arts in Indonesia. Definisi yang sering digunakan adalah seni ragawi, karena tubuh adalah medium terpenting. Frequently used definition is the art of the body, because the body is the most important medium. Pencak dapat diartikan gerakan luwes tapi terkendali, sedangkan silat adalah gerakan secepat kilat untuk mengimbangi serangan lawan atau pertahanan diri. Martial can be interpreted flexibly but controlled movement, while the martial arts is a lightning movement to offset the opponent's attack or defense. Pesilat ulung tidak akan pernah menyerang langsung, namun menunggu sambil mengumpulkan strategi untuk menyerang balik lawannya. Accomplished fighter will never attack directly, but waited while collecting a strategy to counter his opponent. Beberapa teknik pencak silat dilarang digunakan karena dapat berakibat fatal terhadap lawan. Some of the techniques of martial arts are dangerous because it can be fatal to the opponent. Pencak silat adalah produk interaksi manusia dengan alam. Pencak silat is a product of human interaction with nature. Aktivitas dan mimik satwa – seperti macan yang sedang bertarung, kera yang bergelayut di pepohonan atau burung elang yang siap memangsa – kerap dijadikan gerakan dasar pencak silat. Activity and expression of animals - like tigers who are fighting, monkey who hung on trees or an eagle ready to prey - often used as a basic martial arts movements. Wacana lain menyebutkan, pencak silat erat dengan dunia spiritual dan supranatural. Another mentioned discourse, martial arts closely with the spiritual world and the supernatural. Sebelum berlaga, kontak dengan alam bawah sadar atau roh halus dapat dilakukan melalui doa-doa tertentu. Before competing, contact with the subconscious or spirit can be done through certain prayers.

²Hanya segelintir orang mendalami Silat Harimau. ² Only a handful of people go into Tiger Silat. Mereka dituntut dapat menjaga rahasia. They are required to keep confidential. Calon murid harus menyerahkan pisau gurapu, empat meter kain putih, tiga kilogram beras dan rokok linting. Prospective students must submit gurapu knife, four yards of white fabric, three kilograms of rice and hand-rolled cigarette. Silat Harimau diasosiasikan layaknya mengasah pisau gurapu. Tiger Silat associated gurapu like sharpening knives. Latihan berlangsung di malam hari dan dimulai dengan tiga gerakan: sikap awal, hormat bumi dan hormat langit. The exercise took place in the evening and began with three movements: the initial attitude, respect and honor the earth the sky. Pesilat Harimau memakai penutup kepala kain tradisional Minangkabau yang disebut deta harimau. Tiger fighters wear headgear Minangkabau traditional cloth called a deta tiger.

³Silat Cimande sering disalahartikan sebagai seni bela diri agresif. ³ Silat Cimande often misinterpreted as aggressive martial art. Padahal, aliran ini juga dipercaya dapat menyembuhkan patah tulang dan beberapa metode pijat dibuat berdasarkan aliran silat ini. In fact, the flow is also believed to heal broken bones and several methods of massage is based on the flow of these arts. Mulai tahun 70-an, tabib Cimande dianggap sebagai salah satu sarana pengobatan tradisional murah dan mujarab. Beginning in the 70s, physicians Cimande regarded as one means of cheap and effective traditional medicine. Saat itu, banyak sepeda motor diimpor dari Jepang dengan akibat meningkatnya kecelakaan lalu lintas. At that time, a lot of motorcycles imported from Japan with the consequent increase in traffic accidents. Masyarakat awam banyak yang menggunakan jasa tabib Cimande. Many ordinary people who use the services of physicians Cimande. Diperlukan beberapa fase untuk menjadi anggota Cimande. Take several phases to become a member Cimande. Calon murid harus mengambil sumpah taleq dan mengikuti inisiasi ritual. Prospective students must take the oath and following the initiation ritual taleq. Sumpah taleq melarang guru dan muridnya saling berbohong, mencuri atau mengkonsumsi alkohol dan narkoba. Taleq oath forbids teachers and students together to lie, steal or consume alcohol and drugs.

>>Sumber: Majalah Moesson “Pencak Silat in Indonesië – De Mens & De Tijger” (April 2008)<< >> Source: Magazine Moesson "Pencak Silat in Indonesie - De Mens & De Tijger" (April 2008) <<

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Dunia pencak silat¹ mengenal beragam tokoh dan legenda. ¹ martial arts world to know the characters and legends. Edwel Yusri (44) adalah seorang datuk, salah satu pemimpin komunitas Minang di Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat. Edwel Yusri (44) is an ancestor, one community leader Minang in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. Ia dikenal sebagai ”raja” di dunia pencak silat, terutama dengan aliran Silat Harimau² yang dirintis keluarganya. He is known as the "king" in the world of martial arts, especially with the stream of the Tiger Silat ² which pioneered family. Yusri bercerita dari kantornya tidak jauh dari Pasar Tanah Abang di Jakarta. Yusri told of his office not far from Tanah Abang Market in Jakarta.

Edwel Yusri, expert Silat Harimau Edwel Yusri, Tiger Silat expert

“Sebentar lagi saya akan berangkat ke Perancis dan memperlihatkan Silat Harimau di Paris Open Pencak Silat Festival. "Soon I will be leaving for France and shows Tiger Silat Pencak Silat Open at Paris Festival. Murid-murid saya baru saja kembali dari sebuah pertandingan di Belanda,” ujar Yusri. My students have just returned from a match in the Netherlands, "said Yusri. Ia memperagakan gerakan Silat Harimau bersama salah seorang muridnya. He demonstrated the Tiger Silat movements with one of his students.

Yusri berdiri di hadapan muridnya. Yusri standing in front of his students. Suasana berubah hening sesaat. The atmosphere changed a moment of silence. Keduanya berdiri kaku dan dalam sekejap terlihat seakan siap saling menyerang. They both stood stiff and in a moment looked as if ready to attack each other. “Kami menghormati satu sama lain dan tidak harus mengukur ketrampilan yang kami kuasai. "We respect each other and not have to measure our skills mastered. Dasar pencak silat adalah saling menghargai,” tambah Yusri sambil tersenyum. Basic martial arts is a mutual respect, "added Yusri with a smile.

Banyak yang menganggap Yusri sebagai master Silat Harimau. Many consider Yusri as Tiger Silat masters. Eropa pun menggemari aliran pencak silat ini. European martial arts too fond of this flow. Ia belajar olahraga bela diri ini sejak usia 8 tahun dari kakeknya, Dina Sutan Mangkuto. He studied martial arts since the age of 8 years of his grandfather, Dina Sutan Mangkuto. Dina adalah seorang bangsawan dari Balingka dan memiliki 8 harimau. Dina is a nobleman of Balingka and had eight tigers. “Kakek saya meniru gerakan-gerakan macan peliharaannya seperti menyerang, beraksi dan menghindar. "My grandfather mimic movements such as pet tiger attack, acted and avoidance. Ia memperkenalkan bentuk baru pencak silat,” terang Yusri. He introduced a new form of martial arts, "said Yusri.

Waktu itu, Silat Harimau hanya diajarkan di lingkungan keluarga secara diam-diam di Sumatera Barat. At that time, Tiger Silat taught only in the family is secretly in West Sumatra. Pencak silat terdiri dari bermacam-macam aliran, salah satunya Merpati Putih asal Jawa. Pencak silat consists of a variety of streams, one from Java White Pigeon. Sumatera Barat, Jakarta dan Jawa Barat menjadi pusat pencak silat, meskipun dokumentasi atau sumber historis tidak banyak ditemukan. West Sumatra, Jakarta and West Java became the center of martial arts, although no documentation or historical resources are found. Untungnya, kekurangan ini terkompensasi dengan cerita-cerita heroik dari Padang, Cianjur dan terutama di sekitar Batavia. Fortunately, this deficiency compensated by the heroic stories of Padang, Cianjur and especially around Batavia.

Di Batavia, dulu jago berkelahi asal Betawi dan Sunda saling berlaga melawan pendekar kungfu asal Cina dan petinju dari Belanda. In Batavia, had a good fighter from Betawi and Sundanese competed against each other Chinese kung fu warriors and fighters from the Netherlands. Kini, penggemar ilmu bela diri dari seluruh penjuru dunia datang ke Jakarta untuk belajar pencak silat. Now, fans of martial arts from around the world come to Jakarta to study martial arts. Aliran Sabeni berkembang di Batavia dan populer di kalangan jagoan Betawi yang dikenal berdarah dingin saat itu. Sabeni flow develops in Batavia and Batavia popular hero known as the cold-blooded.

Kini, Muhammad Ali Sabeni (76) adalah godfather pencak silat Betawi. Now, Muhammad Ali Sabeni (76) is a martial arts godfather Betawi. Ia kerap dipanggil Babe Ali dan sempat menjadi jagoan jalanan seperti saudara-saudaranya yang lain. He often called Ali and Babe became a street hero like the other brothers. Akhir abad ke-20, ayahnya yang bernama sama pernah menjadi bulan-bulanan Korps Polisi Belanda di Batavia. End of the 20th century, his father called together once a month thereafter the Dutch in Batavia Police Corps. Polisi tidak sanggup melawan Ali Sabeni waktu itu. The police are not able to resist Ali Sabeni time.

Menurut salah satu anekdot, Korps Polisi Belanda mengadu Ali Sabeni dengan jago kungfu asal China di Princen Park di West-Batavia. According to one anecdote, the Dutch police corps pitted Ali Sabeni with kung fu master from China in Princen Park in West-Batavia. Ia dengan mudah menandingi jago kungfu tersebut. He easily match the kung fu master. Babe Ali masih berlatih pencak silat secara teratur setiap hari bersama murid-muridnya. Babe Ali was practicing martial arts on a regular basis every day with his students. Tidak mudah menurunkan ilmunya ke generasi muda, apalagi pencak silat kalah pamor dengan musik pop dan acara televisi. Not easy to reduce their knowledge to the younger generation, especially martial arts overshadowed by pop music and television shows.

Peraga Silat Tuo, salah satu cabang pencak silat di Sumatera Barat Figure Silat Tuo, one branch of martial arts in West Sumatra

Sampai sekarang, asal-usul pencak silat masih sering diperdebatkan. Until now, the origin of martial arts is still much debated. Sebagian menyebut Riau sebagai tempat kelahiran pencak silat, meskipun Jawa juga mengenal tradisi ini. Much mention Riau as the birthplace of martial arts, even though Java is also familiar with this tradition. Di abad ke-7, Riau dan Sumatera Selatan menjadi sentra perdagangan Kerajaan Sriwijaya. In the 7th century, Riau and South Sumatra to the trade center for the kingdom of Srivijaya. Raja-raja berusaha mempertahankan daerah kekuasaan mereka di Sumatera Selatan, Selat Malaka dan pantai barat laut Pulau Jawa. Kings tried to defend their territory in South Sumatera, Malacca Strait and northwest coast of Java Island.

Pencak silat yang berkembang di Kerajaan Sriwijaya kemungkinan besar dipengaruhi oleh seni bela diri dari India dan China. Martial arts that developed in the kingdom of Srivijaya likely influenced by the martial arts of India and China. Pengetahuan mengenai seni bela diri menjadi syarat utama untuk menduduki kursi pimpinan di kerajaan. Knowledge of the martial arts became the main requirement for leadership in the royal seat. Kecenderungan ini juga dijumpai di Kerajaan Syailendra, Majapahit dan Mataram. This trend is also found in the Kingdom dynasty, Majapahit and Mataram. Pencak silat adalah pengetahuan krusial dalam karier politik waktu itu. Pencak silat is crucial in the knowledge that time political career.

Kerajaan-kerajaan tersebut memiliki satuan tentara untuk melindungi wilayah kekuasaan mereka. Kingdoms have an army unit to protect their territory. Rakyat biasa pun seringkali diwajibkan untuk mengikuti latihan pencak silat. Ordinary people were often obliged to follow the practice of martial arts. Akibatnya, anggota satuan tentara itu tidak hanya terdiri dari keturunan bangsawan. As a result, members of the army unit composed not only of the royal line. Tentara Bhayangkari di bawah pimpinan Gajah Mada adalah salah satunya dan berhasil merebut Kerajaan Majapahit di Jawa. Bhayangkari army under the command of Gajah Mada is one of them and captured the kingdom of Majapahit in Java.

Selain itu, tokoh-tokoh terkenal seperti Senopati dan Ki Jaka Tingkir memulai karier mereka sebagai komandan di pasukan elite kerajaan. In addition, the well-known figures such as Ki Jaka Tingkir Senopati and start their careers as a commander in the elite forces of the kingdom. Kekuasaan dan popularitas kerajaan di Sumatera, Sunda dan Jawa mulai merosot setelah kedatangan dan invasi Belanda. Power and popularity of the kingdom in Sumatra, Java, Sunda and began to decline after the arrival and the Dutch invasion. Satuan tentara elite harus kehilangan pekerjaan dan sebagian besar kembali ke kampung halaman mereka. Unit of elite soldiers have lost their jobs and most return to their homes. Mantan satuan tentara sangat disegani dan mereka mengajarkan pencak silat yang dianggap magis ke penduduk. Ex-soldier units respected and they teach martial arts to people who are considered magical.

Hingga kini masih terlontar pertanyaan mengenai pencak silat: olahraga rakyat atau seni bela diri elite? Ejected is still a question about martial arts: folk sports or martial arts elite? Sejarah menyebutkan, seni bela diri China banyak mempengaruhi pencak silat. History says, many Chinese martial arts martial arts influence. Namun, Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia (IPSI) menegaskan, olahraga ini asli berasal dari Indonesia dan salah satu tradisi rakyat Indonesia. However, Indonesian Pencak Silat Association (IPSI) asserts, this sport indigenous to Indonesia and one of the traditions of the people of Indonesia. IPSI mempunyai ribuan anggota, diantaranya Letjen Prabowo Subianto. IPSI has thousands of members, including Lt. Gen. Prabowo Subianto. Ia terpilih menjadi Ketua IPSI sampai tahun 2011 nanti. She was elected Chairman IPSI until the year 2011.

Menantu mantan Presiden Soeharto ini melesat kariernya di TNI dan ia sempat menjadi kepala divisi prestisius Kostrad dan komandan satuan Kopassus. Daughter of former President Soeharto was shot in the military career and he had become head of the prestigious Kostrad and Kopassus unit commander. Para anggota IPSI menyanggah pengaruh China dalam pencak silat, kendati banyak legenda justru menepis sanggahan mereka. The members of the IPSI refute China's influence in the martial arts, despite the many legends it dismissed their objections. Salah satunya cerita tentang Mama Kosim, penemu bela diri Syahbandar. One was the story of Mama Kosim, inventor of martial Syahbandar. Ia berduel dengan salah satu pesilat Kuntao dari China di Batavia dan Mama Kosim berhasil mengalahkannya. He dueled with one fighter Kuntao of China in Batavia and Mama Kosim beat him.

Salah satu gerakan Silat Tuo One of Silat Tuo movement

Pesilat Kuntao itu terbujur bersimbah darah. Kuntao fighters were lying covered in blood. Seorang polisi Belanda bergegas menghampirinya. A Dutch police rushed toward her. “Ada apa ini?” sergahnya. "What is this?" He said. Pria tersebut hanya dapat menjawab pok-pok yang berarti ditinju dalam bahasa setempat. Men can only be answered pok-pok, which means being punched in the local language. “Saya hanya main-main saja,” Mama Kosim menambahkan. "I was just playing around it," Mama Kosim added. “Oh, kalian sedang main pok!” polisi itu melanjutkan. "Oh, you're playing pok!" Continued the policeman. Kerumunan orang yang kebetulan mendengarkan percakapan tersebut mengira mereka sedang menonton olahraga baru maenpo. Crowds of people who happen to listen to the conversation thought they were watching a new sport maenpo. Maenpo populer di kemudian hari dengan gerakan agresif meninju dan menendang. Maenpo popular in the future with aggressive punching and kicking movements.

Pencak silat juga erat dengan Islam. Pencak silat is also close to Islam. Pelatih pencak silat biasanya kaum muslim terdidik dan saleh. Martial arts coach is usually well-educated and devout Muslims. Abah Kahir adalah pemimpin legendaris gaya Cimande³ dari Jawa Barat. Abah is the end of a legendary leader Cimande ³ style of West Java. Konon, ia masih keturunan Suku Badui di Banten. That said, he still descendants of Bedouins in Banten. Suku Badui dipercaya mempunyai silsilah erat dengan tentara Ratu Pucuk Umum, pemimpin terakhir Kerajaan Pajajaran. Bedouin tribes believed to have a pedigree closely with Queen's army shoots General, the last leader Pajajaran Kingdom. Pucuk Umum menyerahkan diri ke pasukan Islam pimpinan Maulana Yusuf di tahun 1579. Commercial shoots surrendered to the forces of Islam leader Maulana Yusuf in 1579. Laskar tentara Pucuk Umum dibebaskan asalkan mereka hidup secara damai. The top army general army freed as long as they live peacefully.

Abah Kahir amat populer di Banten. Abah end of a very popular in Punjab. Pesilat lain sering bertandang ke kediamannya di Cikeusik dan menantangnya. Other fighters often come to his residence in Cikeusik and challenged. Semua duel tersebut dengan mudah dimenangkan Abah Kahir. All easily won the duel end of a Abah. Sayang, pertumpahan darah tidak sejalan dengan tradisi Badui. Unfortunately, the bloodshed is not in line with the traditions of the Bedouin. Abah Kahir diasingkan ke Cimande, sebelah barat Bogor. Abah was exiled to the end of a Cimande, west of Bogor. Suku Badui pun merahasiakan gerakan pencak silat mereka hingga saat ini. Bedouins also keep their martial arts movements to date.

Abah Kahir ingin menurunkan ilmunya dengan tujuan kemanusiaan ke generasi penerus di sekitar Banten dan memulai padepokan pada tahun 1760. Abah end of a science with the aim to reduce humanity to the next generation in Banten and start hermitage in 1760. Al Qur'an menjadi sumber inspirasi bagi Kahir. Al Quran a source of inspiration for the end of a. Aksara Arab Alif dan Lam ia gunakan sebagai dasar gerakan pencak silatnya dan melambangkan Hamba Allah. Alif and Lam Arabic script he used as the basis of martial movement and symbolizes silatnya Servant of God.

Animo terhadap pencak silat terus menurun di Indonesia. Interest to the martial arts continue to decline in Indonesia. Generasi muda lebih tertarik dengan bela diri impor seperti taekwondo dari Korea atau capoeira asal Brasilia. The younger generation is more interested in martial arts such as taekwondo imported from Korea or capoeira from Brazil. “Dulu, ada Silat Kucing dari Sumatera Barat. "First, there are cats Silat from West Sumatra. Sekarang, pengikutnya seperti terkubur zaman,” terang Hariadi Anwar, wakil dari Indonesia di Federasi Pencak Silat Internasional. Now, as his followers buried the time, "said Hariadi Anwar, representatives of Indonesia in the International Pencak Silat Federation. “Terutama orang asing jauh lebih berminat,” tandasnya. "Especially the foreigners are much more interested," he said.

Catatan: Note:

Yusri sedang beraksi Yusri in action

¹Pencak silat adalah nama umum ragam seni bela diri di Indonesia. Pencak silat ¹ is the common name of various martial arts in Indonesia. Definisi yang sering digunakan adalah seni ragawi, karena tubuh adalah medium terpenting. Frequently used definition is the art of the body, because the body is the most important medium. Pencak dapat diartikan gerakan luwes tapi terkendali, sedangkan silat adalah gerakan secepat kilat untuk mengimbangi serangan lawan atau pertahanan diri. Martial can be interpreted flexibly but controlled movement, while the martial arts is a lightning movement to offset the opponent's attack or defense. Pesilat ulung tidak akan pernah menyerang langsung, namun menunggu sambil mengumpulkan strategi untuk menyerang balik lawannya. Accomplished fighter will never attack directly, but waited while collecting a strategy to counter his opponent. Beberapa teknik pencak silat dilarang digunakan karena dapat berakibat fatal terhadap lawan. Some of the techniques of martial arts are dangerous because it can be fatal to the opponent. Pencak silat adalah produk interaksi manusia dengan alam. Pencak silat is a product of human interaction with nature. Aktivitas dan mimik satwa – seperti macan yang sedang bertarung, kera yang bergelayut di pepohonan atau burung elang yang siap memangsa – kerap dijadikan gerakan dasar pencak silat. Activity and expression of animals - like tigers who are fighting, monkey who hung on trees or an eagle ready to prey - often used as a basic martial arts movements. Wacana lain menyebutkan, pencak silat erat dengan dunia spiritual dan supranatural. Another mentioned discourse, martial arts closely with the spiritual world and the supernatural. Sebelum berlaga, kontak dengan alam bawah sadar atau roh halus dapat dilakukan melalui doa-doa tertentu. Before competing, contact with the subconscious or spirit can be done through certain prayers.

²Hanya segelintir orang mendalami Silat Harimau. ² Only a handful of people go into Tiger Silat. Mereka dituntut dapat menjaga rahasia. They are required to keep confidential. Calon murid harus menyerahkan pisau gurapu, empat meter kain putih, tiga kilogram beras dan rokok linting. Prospective students must submit gurapu knife, four yards of white fabric, three kilograms of rice and hand-rolled cigarette. Silat Harimau diasosiasikan layaknya mengasah pisau gurapu. Tiger Silat associated gurapu like sharpening knives. Latihan berlangsung di malam hari dan dimulai dengan tiga gerakan: sikap awal, hormat bumi dan hormat langit. The exercise took place in the evening and began with three movements: the initial attitude, respect and honor the earth the sky. Pesilat Harimau memakai penutup kepala kain tradisional Minangkabau yang disebut deta harimau. Tiger fighters wear headgear Minangkabau traditional cloth called a deta tiger.

³Silat Cimande sering disalahartikan sebagai seni bela diri agresif. ³ Silat Cimande often misinterpreted as aggressive martial art. Padahal, aliran ini juga dipercaya dapat menyembuhkan patah tulang dan beberapa metode pijat dibuat berdasarkan aliran silat ini. In fact, the flow is also believed to heal broken bones and several methods of massage is based on the flow of these arts. Mulai tahun 70-an, tabib Cimande dianggap sebagai salah satu sarana pengobatan tradisional murah dan mujarab. Beginning in the 70s, physicians Cimande regarded as one means of cheap and effective traditional medicine. Saat itu, banyak sepeda motor diimpor dari Jepang dengan akibat meningkatnya kecelakaan lalu lintas. At that time, a lot of motorcycles imported from Japan with the consequent increase in traffic accidents. Masyarakat awam banyak yang menggunakan jasa tabib Cimande. Many ordinary people who use the services of physicians Cimande. Diperlukan beberapa fase untuk menjadi anggota Cimande. Take several phases to become a member Cimande. Calon murid harus mengambil sumpah taleq dan mengikuti inisiasi ritual. Prospective students must take the oath and following the initiation ritual taleq. Sumpah taleq melarang guru dan muridnya saling berbohong, mencuri atau mengkonsumsi alkohol dan narkoba. Taleq oath forbids teachers and students together to lie, steal or consume alcohol and drugs.

>>Sumber: Majalah Moesson “Pencak Silat in Indonesië – De Mens & De Tijger” (April 2008)<< >> Source: Magazine Moesson "Pencak Silat in Indonesie - De Mens & De Tijger" (April 2008) <<

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Dunia pencak silat¹ mengenal beragam tokoh dan legenda. ¹ martial arts world to know the characters and legends. Edwel Yusri (44) adalah seorang datuk, salah satu pemimpin komunitas Minang di Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat. Edwel Yusri (44) is an ancestor, one community leader Minang in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. Ia dikenal sebagai ”raja” di dunia pencak silat, terutama dengan aliran Silat Harimau² yang dirintis keluarganya. He is known as the "king" in the world of martial arts, especially with the stream of the Tiger Silat ² which pioneered family. Yusri bercerita dari kantornya tidak jauh dari Pasar Tanah Abang di Jakarta. Yusri told of his office not far from Tanah Abang Market in Jakarta.

Edwel Yusri, expert Silat Harimau Edwel Yusri, Tiger Silat expert

“Sebentar lagi saya akan berangkat ke Perancis dan memperlihatkan Silat Harimau di Paris Open Pencak Silat Festival. "Soon I will be leaving for France and shows Tiger Silat Pencak Silat Open at Paris Festival. Murid-murid saya baru saja kembali dari sebuah pertandingan di Belanda,” ujar Yusri. My students have just returned from a match in the Netherlands, "said Yusri. Ia memperagakan gerakan Silat Harimau bersama salah seorang muridnya. He demonstrated the Tiger Silat movements with one of his students.

Yusri berdiri di hadapan muridnya. Yusri standing in front of his students. Suasana berubah hening sesaat. The atmosphere changed a moment of silence. Keduanya berdiri kaku dan dalam sekejap terlihat seakan siap saling menyerang. They both stood stiff and in a moment looked as if ready to attack each other. “Kami menghormati satu sama lain dan tidak harus mengukur ketrampilan yang kami kuasai. "We respect each other and not have to measure our skills mastered. Dasar pencak silat adalah saling menghargai,” tambah Yusri sambil tersenyum. Basic martial arts is a mutual respect, "added Yusri with a smile.

Banyak yang menganggap Yusri sebagai master Silat Harimau. Many consider Yusri as Tiger Silat masters. Eropa pun menggemari aliran pencak silat ini. European martial arts too fond of this flow. Ia belajar olahraga bela diri ini sejak usia 8 tahun dari kakeknya, Dina Sutan Mangkuto. He studied martial arts since the age of 8 years of his grandfather, Dina Sutan Mangkuto. Dina adalah seorang bangsawan dari Balingka dan memiliki 8 harimau. Dina is a nobleman of Balingka and had eight tigers. “Kakek saya meniru gerakan-gerakan macan peliharaannya seperti menyerang, beraksi dan menghindar. "My grandfather mimic movements such as pet tiger attack, acted and avoidance. Ia memperkenalkan bentuk baru pencak silat,” terang Yusri. He introduced a new form of martial arts, "said Yusri.

Waktu itu, Silat Harimau hanya diajarkan di lingkungan keluarga secara diam-diam di Sumatera Barat. At that time, Tiger Silat taught only in the family is secretly in West Sumatra. Pencak silat terdiri dari bermacam-macam aliran, salah satunya Merpati Putih asal Jawa. Pencak silat consists of a variety of streams, one from Java White Pigeon. Sumatera Barat, Jakarta dan Jawa Barat menjadi pusat pencak silat, meskipun dokumentasi atau sumber historis tidak banyak ditemukan. West Sumatra, Jakarta and West Java became the center of martial arts, although no documentation or historical resources are found. Untungnya, kekurangan ini terkompensasi dengan cerita-cerita heroik dari Padang, Cianjur dan terutama di sekitar Batavia. Fortunately, this deficiency compensated by the heroic stories of Padang, Cianjur and especially around Batavia.

Di Batavia, dulu jago berkelahi asal Betawi dan Sunda saling berlaga melawan pendekar kungfu asal Cina dan petinju dari Belanda. In Batavia, had a good fighter from Betawi and Sundanese competed against each other Chinese kung fu warriors and fighters from the Netherlands. Kini, penggemar ilmu bela diri dari seluruh penjuru dunia datang ke Jakarta untuk belajar pencak silat. Now, fans of martial arts from around the world come to Jakarta to study martial arts. Aliran Sabeni berkembang di Batavia dan populer di kalangan jagoan Betawi yang dikenal berdarah dingin saat itu. Sabeni flow develops in Batavia and Batavia popular hero known as the cold-blooded.

Kini, Muhammad Ali Sabeni (76) adalah godfather pencak silat Betawi. Now, Muhammad Ali Sabeni (76) is a martial arts godfather Betawi. Ia kerap dipanggil Babe Ali dan sempat menjadi jagoan jalanan seperti saudara-saudaranya yang lain. He often called Ali and Babe became a street hero like the other brothers. Akhir abad ke-20, ayahnya yang bernama sama pernah menjadi bulan-bulanan Korps Polisi Belanda di Batavia. End of the 20th century, his father called together once a month thereafter the Dutch in Batavia Police Corps. Polisi tidak sanggup melawan Ali Sabeni waktu itu. The police are not able to resist Ali Sabeni time.

Menurut salah satu anekdot, Korps Polisi Belanda mengadu Ali Sabeni dengan jago kungfu asal China di Princen Park di West-Batavia. According to one anecdote, the Dutch police corps pitted Ali Sabeni with kung fu master from China in Princen Park in West-Batavia. Ia dengan mudah menandingi jago kungfu tersebut. He easily match the kung fu master. Babe Ali masih berlatih pencak silat secara teratur setiap hari bersama murid-muridnya. Babe Ali was practicing martial arts on a regular basis every day with his students. Tidak mudah menurunkan ilmunya ke generasi muda, apalagi pencak silat kalah pamor dengan musik pop dan acara televisi. Not easy to reduce their knowledge to the younger generation, especially martial arts overshadowed by pop music and television shows.

Peraga Silat Tuo, salah satu cabang pencak silat di Sumatera Barat Figure Silat Tuo, one branch of martial arts in West Sumatra

Sampai sekarang, asal-usul pencak silat masih sering diperdebatkan. Until now, the origin of martial arts is still much debated. Sebagian menyebut Riau sebagai tempat kelahiran pencak silat, meskipun Jawa juga mengenal tradisi ini. Much mention Riau as the birthplace of martial arts, even though Java is also familiar with this tradition. Di abad ke-7, Riau dan Sumatera Selatan menjadi sentra perdagangan Kerajaan Sriwijaya. In the 7th century, Riau and South Sumatra to the trade center for the kingdom of Srivijaya. Raja-raja berusaha mempertahankan daerah kekuasaan mereka di Sumatera Selatan, Selat Malaka dan pantai barat laut Pulau Jawa. Kings tried to defend their territory in South Sumatera, Malacca Strait and northwest coast of Java Island.

Pencak silat yang berkembang di Kerajaan Sriwijaya kemungkinan besar dipengaruhi oleh seni bela diri dari India dan China. Martial arts that developed in the kingdom of Srivijaya likely influenced by the martial arts of India and China. Pengetahuan mengenai seni bela diri menjadi syarat utama untuk menduduki kursi pimpinan di kerajaan. Knowledge of the martial arts became the main requirement for leadership in the royal seat. Kecenderungan ini juga dijumpai di Kerajaan Syailendra, Majapahit dan Mataram. This trend is also found in the Kingdom dynasty, Majapahit and Mataram. Pencak silat adalah pengetahuan krusial dalam karier politik waktu itu. Pencak silat is crucial in the knowledge that time political career.

Kerajaan-kerajaan tersebut memiliki satuan tentara untuk melindungi wilayah kekuasaan mereka. Kingdoms have an army unit to protect their territory. Rakyat biasa pun seringkali diwajibkan untuk mengikuti latihan pencak silat. Ordinary people were often obliged to follow the practice of martial arts. Akibatnya, anggota satuan tentara itu tidak hanya terdiri dari keturunan bangsawan. As a result, members of the army unit composed not only of the royal line. Tentara Bhayangkari di bawah pimpinan Gajah Mada adalah salah satunya dan berhasil merebut Kerajaan Majapahit di Jawa. Bhayangkari army under the command of Gajah Mada is one of them and captured the kingdom of Majapahit in Java.

Selain itu, tokoh-tokoh terkenal seperti Senopati dan Ki Jaka Tingkir memulai karier mereka sebagai komandan di pasukan elite kerajaan. In addition, the well-known figures such as Ki Jaka Tingkir Senopati and start their careers as a commander in the elite forces of the kingdom. Kekuasaan dan popularitas kerajaan di Sumatera, Sunda dan Jawa mulai merosot setelah kedatangan dan invasi Belanda. Power and popularity of the kingdom in Sumatra, Java, Sunda and began to decline after the arrival and the Dutch invasion. Satuan tentara elite harus kehilangan pekerjaan dan sebagian besar kembali ke kampung halaman mereka. Unit of elite soldiers have lost their jobs and most return to their homes. Mantan satuan tentara sangat disegani dan mereka mengajarkan pencak silat yang dianggap magis ke penduduk. Ex-soldier units respected and they teach martial arts to people who are considered magical.

Hingga kini masih terlontar pertanyaan mengenai pencak silat: olahraga rakyat atau seni bela diri elite? Ejected is still a question about martial arts: folk sports or martial arts elite? Sejarah menyebutkan, seni bela diri China banyak mempengaruhi pencak silat. History says, many Chinese martial arts martial arts influence. Namun, Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia (IPSI) menegaskan, olahraga ini asli berasal dari Indonesia dan salah satu tradisi rakyat Indonesia. However, Indonesian Pencak Silat Association (IPSI) asserts, this sport indigenous to Indonesia and one of the traditions of the people of Indonesia. IPSI mempunyai ribuan anggota, diantaranya Letjen Prabowo Subianto. IPSI has thousands of members, including Lt. Gen. Prabowo Subianto. Ia terpilih menjadi Ketua IPSI sampai tahun 2011 nanti. She was elected Chairman IPSI until the year 2011.

Menantu mantan Presiden Soeharto ini melesat kariernya di TNI dan ia sempat menjadi kepala divisi prestisius Kostrad dan komandan satuan Kopassus. Daughter of former President Soeharto was shot in the military career and he had become head of the prestigious Kostrad and Kopassus unit commander. Para anggota IPSI menyanggah pengaruh China dalam pencak silat, kendati banyak legenda justru menepis sanggahan mereka. The members of the IPSI refute China's influence in the martial arts, despite the many legends it dismissed their objections. Salah satunya cerita tentang Mama Kosim, penemu bela diri Syahbandar. One was the story of Mama Kosim, inventor of martial Syahbandar. Ia berduel dengan salah satu pesilat Kuntao dari China di Batavia dan Mama Kosim berhasil mengalahkannya. He dueled with one fighter Kuntao of China in Batavia and Mama Kosim beat him.

Salah satu gerakan Silat Tuo One of Silat Tuo movement

Pesilat Kuntao itu terbujur bersimbah darah. Kuntao fighters were lying covered in blood. Seorang polisi Belanda bergegas menghampirinya. A Dutch police rushed toward her. “Ada apa ini?” sergahnya. "What is this?" He said. Pria tersebut hanya dapat menjawab pok-pok yang berarti ditinju dalam bahasa setempat. Men can only be answered pok-pok, which means being punched in the local language. “Saya hanya main-main saja,” Mama Kosim menambahkan. "I was just playing around it," Mama Kosim added. “Oh, kalian sedang main pok!” polisi itu melanjutkan. "Oh, you're playing pok!" Continued the policeman. Kerumunan orang yang kebetulan mendengarkan percakapan tersebut mengira mereka sedang menonton olahraga baru maenpo. Crowds of people who happen to listen to the conversation thought they were watching a new sport maenpo. Maenpo populer di kemudian hari dengan gerakan agresif meninju dan menendang. Maenpo popular in the future with aggressive punching and kicking movements.

Pencak silat juga erat dengan Islam. Pencak silat is also close to Islam. Pelatih pencak silat biasanya kaum muslim terdidik dan saleh. Martial arts coach is usually well-educated and devout Muslims. Abah Kahir adalah pemimpin legendaris gaya Cimande³ dari Jawa Barat. Abah is the end of a legendary leader Cimande ³ style of West Java. Konon, ia masih keturunan Suku Badui di Banten. That said, he still descendants of Bedouins in Banten. Suku Badui dipercaya mempunyai silsilah erat dengan tentara Ratu Pucuk Umum, pemimpin terakhir Kerajaan Pajajaran. Bedouin tribes believed to have a pedigree closely with Queen's army shoots General, the last leader Pajajaran Kingdom. Pucuk Umum menyerahkan diri ke pasukan Islam pimpinan Maulana Yusuf di tahun 1579. Commercial shoots surrendered to the forces of Islam leader Maulana Yusuf in 1579. Laskar tentara Pucuk Umum dibebaskan asalkan mereka hidup secara damai. The top army general army freed as long as they live peacefully.

Abah Kahir amat populer di Banten. Abah end of a very popular in Punjab. Pesilat lain sering bertandang ke kediamannya di Cikeusik dan menantangnya. Other fighters often come to his residence in Cikeusik and challenged. Semua duel tersebut dengan mudah dimenangkan Abah Kahir. All easily won the duel end of a Abah. Sayang, pertumpahan darah tidak sejalan dengan tradisi Badui. Unfortunately, the bloodshed is not in line with the traditions of the Bedouin. Abah Kahir diasingkan ke Cimande, sebelah barat Bogor. Abah was exiled to the end of a Cimande, west of Bogor. Suku Badui pun merahasiakan gerakan pencak silat mereka hingga saat ini. Bedouins also keep their martial arts movements to date.

Abah Kahir ingin menurunkan ilmunya dengan tujuan kemanusiaan ke generasi penerus di sekitar Banten dan memulai padepokan pada tahun 1760. Abah end of a science with the aim to reduce humanity to the next generation in Banten and start hermitage in 1760. Al Qur'an menjadi sumber inspirasi bagi Kahir. Al Quran a source of inspiration for the end of a. Aksara Arab Alif dan Lam ia gunakan sebagai dasar gerakan pencak silatnya dan melambangkan Hamba Allah. Alif and Lam Arabic script he used as the basis of martial movement and symbolizes silatnya Servant of God.

Animo terhadap pencak silat terus menurun di Indonesia. Interest to the martial arts continue to decline in Indonesia. Generasi muda lebih tertarik dengan bela diri impor seperti taekwondo dari Korea atau capoeira asal Brasilia. The younger generation is more interested in martial arts such as taekwondo imported from Korea or capoeira from Brazil. “Dulu, ada Silat Kucing dari Sumatera Barat. "First, there are cats Silat from West Sumatra. Sekarang, pengikutnya seperti terkubur zaman,” terang Hariadi Anwar, wakil dari Indonesia di Federasi Pencak Silat Internasional. Now, as his followers buried the time, "said Hariadi Anwar, representatives of Indonesia in the International Pencak Silat Federation. “Terutama orang asing jauh lebih berminat,” tandasnya. "Especially the foreigners are much more interested," he said.

Catatan: Note:

Yusri sedang beraksi Yusri in action

¹Pencak silat adalah nama umum ragam seni bela diri di Indonesia. Pencak silat ¹ is the common name of various martial arts in Indonesia. Definisi yang sering digunakan adalah seni ragawi, karena tubuh adalah medium terpenting. Frequently used definition is the art of the body, because the body is the most important medium. Pencak dapat diartikan gerakan luwes tapi terkendali, sedangkan silat adalah gerakan secepat kilat untuk mengimbangi serangan lawan atau pertahanan diri. Martial can be interpreted flexibly but controlled movement, while the martial arts is a lightning movement to offset the opponent's attack or defense. Pesilat ulung tidak akan pernah menyerang langsung, namun menunggu sambil mengumpulkan strategi untuk menyerang balik lawannya. Accomplished fighter will never attack directly, but waited while collecting a strategy to counter his opponent. Beberapa teknik pencak silat dilarang digunakan karena dapat berakibat fatal terhadap lawan. Some of the techniques of martial arts are dangerous because it can be fatal to the opponent. Pencak silat adalah produk interaksi manusia dengan alam. Pencak silat is a product of human interaction with nature. Aktivitas dan mimik satwa – seperti macan yang sedang bertarung, kera yang bergelayut di pepohonan atau burung elang yang siap memangsa – kerap dijadikan gerakan dasar pencak silat. Activity and expression of animals - like tigers who are fighting, monkey who hung on trees or an eagle ready to prey - often used as a basic martial arts movements. Wacana lain menyebutkan, pencak silat erat dengan dunia spiritual dan supranatural. Another mentioned discourse, martial arts closely with the spiritual world and the supernatural. Sebelum berlaga, kontak dengan alam bawah sadar atau roh halus dapat dilakukan melalui doa-doa tertentu. Before competing, contact with the subconscious or spirit can be done through certain prayers.

²Hanya segelintir orang mendalami Silat Harimau. ² Only a handful of people go into Tiger Silat. Mereka dituntut dapat menjaga rahasia. They are required to keep confidential. Calon murid harus menyerahkan pisau gurapu, empat meter kain putih, tiga kilogram beras dan rokok linting. Prospective students must submit gurapu knife, four yards of white fabric, three kilograms of rice and hand-rolled cigarette. Silat Harimau diasosiasikan layaknya mengasah pisau gurapu. Tiger Silat associated gurapu like sharpening knives. Latihan berlangsung di malam hari dan dimulai dengan tiga gerakan: sikap awal, hormat bumi dan hormat langit. The exercise took place in the evening and began with three movements: the initial attitude, respect and honor the earth the sky. Pesilat Harimau memakai penutup kepala kain tradisional Minangkabau yang disebut deta harimau. Tiger fighters wear headgear Minangkabau traditional cloth called a deta tiger.

³Silat Cimande sering disalahartikan sebagai seni bela diri agresif. ³ Silat Cimande often misinterpreted as aggressive martial art. Padahal, aliran ini juga dipercaya dapat menyembuhkan patah tulang dan beberapa metode pijat dibuat berdasarkan aliran silat ini. In fact, the flow is also believed to heal broken bones and several methods of massage is based on the flow of these arts. Mulai tahun 70-an, tabib Cimande dianggap sebagai salah satu sarana pengobatan tradisional murah dan mujarab. Beginning in the 70s, physicians Cimande regarded as one means of cheap and effective traditional medicine. Saat itu, banyak sepeda motor diimpor dari Jepang dengan akibat meningkatnya kecelakaan lalu lintas. At that time, a lot of motorcycles imported from Japan with the consequent increase in traffic accidents. Masyarakat awam banyak yang menggunakan jasa tabib Cimande. Many ordinary people who use the services of physicians Cimande. Diperlukan beberapa fase untuk menjadi anggota Cimande. Take several phases to become a member Cimande. Calon murid harus mengambil sumpah taleq dan mengikuti inisiasi ritual. Prospective students must take the oath and following the initiation ritual taleq. Sumpah taleq melarang guru dan muridnya saling berbohong, mencuri atau mengkonsumsi alkohol dan narkoba. Taleq oath forbids teachers and students together to lie, steal or consume alcohol and drugs.

>>Sumber: Majalah Moesson “Pencak Silat in Indonesië – De Mens & De Tijger” (April 2008)<< >> Source: Magazine Moesson "Pencak Silat in Indonesie - De Mens & De Tijger" (April 2008) <<